14.有緣生
1)惡趣
云何有緣生？謂有一類，由貪、瞋、癡纏縛心故，造身、語、意三種惡行。
12. (bhavapratyayā jātiḥ)
bhavapratyayā jātiḥ katamā / āha / yathā khalv ihaikatyo rāgaparyavasthito (DhskD 14r3) dveṣaparyavasthito mohaparyavasthitaḥ kāyena duścaritaṃ carati vācā manasā duścaritaṃ carati /
此三惡行，說名業有。
ye te akuśalā kāyasaṃskārā vāksaṃskārā manaḥsaṃskārā ayam ucyate akuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ /
由此因緣，身壞命終，墮於地獄。
yad api taddhetu (DhskD 14r4) tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedān narakeṣūpapadyate /
於彼諸生、等生、趣入、出現，蘊得、界得、處得，諸蘊生命根起，說名生。
tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir avakrāntir abhinirvṛttiḥ prādurbhāvaḥ skandhapratilābho dhātupratilābha āyatanapratilābho jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāva itīyaṃ jātir (DhskD 14r5)
此生緣有故起，是名有緣生。
imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātir /
如說地獄，傍生、鬼界，應知亦爾。
iti yathā narakeṣv evaṃ tiryakpreteṣu /
[參考]雜阿含298經
緣有生者，云何為生？若彼彼眾生，彼彼身種類一生，超越和合出生，得陰、得界、得入處、得命根，是名為生。
2)人趣
復有一類，於人趣樂繫心希求，彼作是念：願我當生人趣同分，與諸人眾，同受快樂。
yathā khalv ihaikatyo manuṣyasukhakānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāhaṃ manuṣyasubhagānāṃ (DhskD 14r6) sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyam iti /
因此希求，造能感人趣身、語、意妙行。
sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ kāyena sucaritaṃ carati vācā manasā sucaritaṃ carati /
此三妙行，說名業有。
ye te kuśalāḥ kāyasaṃskārā vāksaṃskārā manaḥsaṃskārā (DhskD 14r7) ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ /
由此因緣，身壞命終，生於人趣眾同分中。
yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedān manuṣyasubhagānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate /
於彼諸生、等生，乃至命根起，說名生。此生緣有故起，是名有緣生。
tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir vistareṇa tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jāti /
3)六欲天
如說人趣，四大王眾天，乃至他化自在天，應知亦爾。
yathā manuṣyasubhagānāṃ (DhskD 14r8) evaṃ cāturmahārājikānāṃ trayastriṃśānāṃ yāmānāṃ tuṣitānāṃ nirmāṇaratīnāṃ paranirmitavaśavartināṃ /
4)梵眾天
復有一類，於梵眾天，繫心希求。彼作是念：願我當生梵眾天眾同分中。因此希求，勤脩加行，離欲惡不善法，有尋有伺離生喜樂，初靜慮具足住。
yathā khalv ihaikatyo brahmakāyikānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ tasyaivaṃ bhavaty (DhskD 14r9) / aho batāhaṃ brahmakāyikānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyam iti / sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ viviktaṃ kāmair viviktaṃ pāpakair akuśalair dharmaiḥ savitarkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ (DhskD 14r10) prītisukhaṃ prathamaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya viharati /
於此定中，諸身律儀、語律儀、命清淨，說名業有。
tathā samāpannasya yaḥ kāyasaṃvaro vāksaṃvara ājīvapariśuddhir ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ /
由此因緣，身壞命終，生梵眾天眾同分中。
yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedād (DhskD 14v1) brahmakāyikānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate /
於彼諸生、等生，乃至命根起，說名生。此生緣有故起，是名有緣生。
tatra jātiḥ saṃjātir vistareṇa yāvad / iyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
5)梵輔天乃至廣果天
如說梵眾天，梵輔天乃至廣果天，應知亦爾。
yathā brahmakāyikānāṃ evaṃ brahmapurohitānāṃ mahābrahmaṇāṃ /
(DhskD 14v2) yathā khalv ihaikatyaḥ parīttābhānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāhaṃ parīttābhānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyam iti / sa tatprārthayamāno vitarkavicārāṇāṃ vyupaśamād (DhskD 14v3) adhyātmasaṃprasādāc cetasa ekotībhāvād avitarkam avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ prītisukhaṃ dvitīyaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya viharati / tathā samāpannasya yaḥ kāyasaṃvaro vāksaṃvara ājīvapariśuddhiḥ ayam ucyate (DhskD 14v4) kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ / yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedāt parīttābhanāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate / tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir vistareṇa jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāvaḥ / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavam* (DhskD 14v5) pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātiḥ /
yathā parīttābhānām evam apramāṇābhānām ābhāsvarāṇāṃ /
yathā khalv ihaikatyaḥ parīttaśubhānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāhaṃ (DhskD 14v6) parīttaśubhānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyaṃ / sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ prīter virāgād upekṣako viharati / smṛtaḥ saṃprajānan sukhaṃ ca kāyena pratisaṃvedayate / yat (DhskD 14v7) tad āryā ācakṣate upekṣakaḥ smṛtimāṃ sukhavihārīti tṛtīyaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya viharati / tathā samāpannasya yaḥ kāyasaṃvaro vāksaṃvaraḥ ājīvapariśuddhir ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ / (DhskD 14v8) yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedāt parīttaśubhānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate / tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir vistareṇa / iyam ucyate bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
yathā parīttaśubhānām evam (DhskD 14v9) apramāṇaśubhānāṃ śubhakṛtsnānāṃ /
yathā khalv ihaikatyaḥ anabhrakāṇāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāham anabhrakāṇāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyam iti / sa tatprārthayamānas (DhskD 14v10) taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ sukhasya ca prahāṇād duḥkhasya ca prahāṇāt pūrvam eva ca saumanasyadaurmanasyayor astagamād aduḥkhāsukhaṃ upekṣāsmṛtipariśuddhaṃ caturthaṃ dhyānam upasaṃpadya viharati / (DhskD 15r1) tathā samāpannasya yaḥ kāyasaṃvaro vāksaṃvara ājīvapariśuddhir ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ / yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedād anabhrakāṇāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate (DhskD 15r2) / tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātiḥ vistareṇa yāvaj jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāvaḥ / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātiḥ /
yathā anabhrakāṇām evaṃ puṇyaprasavānām (DhskD 15r3) asaṃjñisatvasaṃgṛhītānāṃ ca bṛhatphalānāṃ /
6)無想天
復有一類，於無想天，繫心希求。彼作是 念：願我當生無想天眾同分中。
yathā khalv ihaikatyaḥ asaṃjñisatvānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāham asaṃjñisatvānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām (DhskD 15r4) upapadyeyam iti /
因此希求，勤脩加行，思惟諸想，是粗、苦、障。思惟無想是靜、妙、離。
sa taṃ prārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ saṃjñām audārikato duḥkhilataḥ sthūlabhittikato manasikaroti āsaṃjñikaṃ ca śāntataḥ praṇītato niḥsaraṇataḥ /
由此思惟，能滅諸想，安住無想。
tasya saṃjñām audārikato (DhskD 15r5) duḥkhilataḥ sthūlabhittikato manasikurvataḥ āsaṃjñikaṃ ca śāntataḥ praṇītato niḥsaraṇataḥ saṃjnā antardhīyate āsaṃjñikaṃ ca saṃsthihati /
彼諸想滅，住無想時，名無想定。
iti yatra mama saṃjñā antarāyaty āsaṃjñikaṃ (DhskD 15r6) ca saṃsthihaty etāvad asaṃjñisamāpattiḥ samāpanna iti vaktavyaṃ /
入此定時，諸身律儀、語律儀、命清淨，說名業有。
tathā samāpannasya yaḥ kāyasaṃvaro vāksaṃvaraḥ ājīvapariśuddhir ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ /
由此因緣，身壞命終，生無想天眾同分中。
yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ (DhskD 15r7) kāyasya bhedād asaṃjñisatvānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate /
於彼諸生、等生，乃至命根起，說名生。此生緣有故起，是名有緣生。
tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir vistareṇa yāvaj jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāva iti / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate (DhskD 15r8) bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
7)空無邊處天
復有一類，於空無邊處天，繫心希求。彼作是念：願我當生空無邊處天眾同分中。
yathā khalv ihaikatyaḥ ākāśānantyāyatanānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāhaṃ ākāśānantyāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyam (DhskD 15r9) iti /
因此希求，勤修加行，超諸色想，滅有對想，不思惟種種想，入無邊空，空無邊處具足住。
sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ sarvaśo rūpasaṃjñānāṃ samatikramāt pratighasaṃjñānām astagamān nānātvasaṃjñānām amanasikārād anantam ākāśam ity ākāśānantyāyatanam (DhskD 15r10) upasaṃpadya viharati /
於此定中，諸思、等思，現前等思、已思、當思，思性、思類，造心意業，說名業有。
tathā samāpannasya yā cetanā saṃcetanābhisaṃcetanā cetayitaṃ cetanāgataṃ cittābhisaṃskāro manaskarma ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ /
由此因緣，身壞命終，生空無邊處眾同分中。
yad api taddhetu (DhskD 15v1) tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedād ākāśānantyāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate /
於彼諸生、等生，乃至命根起，說名生。此生緣有故起，是名有緣生。
tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir vistareṇa yāvaj jīvitendriyaprādurbhāva / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate (DhskD 15v2) bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
8)餘三無色
如說空無邊處，乃至非想非非想處，應知亦爾。
yathā khalv ihaikatyo vijñānānantyāyatanānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāhaṃ vijñānānantyāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyaṃ (DhskD 15v3) iti / sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ sarvaśa ākāśānantyāyatanaṃ samatikramyānantaṃ vijñānam iti vijñānānantyāyatanam upasaṃpadya viharati / tathā samāpannasya yā cetanā yāvac cittābhisaṃskāro (DhskD 15v4) manaskarmāyam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ / yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedād vijñānānantyāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyate / tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātiḥ vistareṇa (DhskD 15v5) yāvaj jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāva / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
yathā khalv ihaikatya ākiṃcanyāyatanānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ (DhskD 15v6) / tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāham ākiṃcanyāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyām upapadyeyam iti / sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ sarvaśo vijñānānantyāyatanaṃ samatikramya nāsti (DhskD 15v7) kiṃ cid ity ākiṃcanyāyatanam upasaṃpadya viharati / tathā samāpannasya yā cetanā saṃcetanā vistareṇa yāvac cittābhisaṃskāro manaskarma ayam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ / (DhskD 15v8) yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedād ākiṃcanyāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyāṃ upapadyate / tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātiḥ vistareṇa yāvaj jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāva (DhskD 15v9) / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
yathā khalv ihaikatyo naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatanānāṃ devānām avekṣāvān bhavati pratibaddhacittaḥ / (DhskD 15v10) tasyaivaṃ bhavaty / aho batāhaṃ naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatanānāṃ devānāṃ sabhāgatāyāṃ upapadyeyam iti / sa tatprārthayamānas taddhetos tatsaṃvartanīyaṃ ākiṃcanyāyatanaṃ samatikramya (DhskD 16r1) naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatanam upasaṃpadya viharati / tathā samāpannasya yā cetanā vistareṇa yāvac cittābhisaṃskāro manaskarmāyam ucyate kuśalaḥ karmabhavaḥ / yad api taddhetu tatpratyayaṃ naivasaṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatanānāṃ (DhskD 16r2) devānāṃ sabhāgatāyāṃ upapadyate / tatra yā jātiḥ saṃjātir avakrāntir abhinirvṛttiḥ prādurbhāvaḥ skandhapratilābho dhātupratilābhaḥ āyatanapratilābhaḥ jīvitendriyasya prādurbhāvaḥ (DhskD 16r3) / itīyaṃ jātir imaṃ bhavaṃ pratītya tad ucyate bhavapratyayā jātir iti /
9)大因緣經
復次，大因緣經中，尊者慶喜問佛：諸生為有緣不？佛言：有緣，此緣謂有。廣說乃至。
api khalv evam uktam bhagavatā mahānidānaparyāye vyākaraṇe āyuṣmaty ānande /asti pratyayam ānanda jātir / iti pṛṣṭair astīti (DhskD 16r4) vacanīyaṃ / kiṃpratyayā jātir iti / bhavapratyayā iti vacanīyaṃ / bhavapratyayā ānanda jātir / iti me yad uktam idaṃ me tat pratyuktaṃ /
若無業有，魚、烏、蛇、蝎、那伽、藥叉、部多、食香諸天人等，無足、二足、多足異類，彼彼有情於彼彼聚生、等生等，為得有不？不也！世尊！
bhavaś ced ānanda na syād api nu matsyānāṃ matsyatve pakṣiṇānāṃ vā pakṣitve (DhskD 16r5) sarīsṛpāṇāṃ sarīsṛpatve catuṣpadānāṃ vā catuṣpadatve nāgānāṃ vā nāgatve yakṣāṇāṃ vā yakṣatve bhūtānāṃ vā bhūtatve gandharvāṇāṃ vā gandharvatve devānāṃ vā devatve manuṣyāṇāṃ vā manuṣyatve (DhskD 16r6) teṣāṃ teṣām ānanda satvānāṃ tasmin tasmin satvanikāye api nu kasya cit kaś cid bhavaḥ syān / no bhadanta /
若全無有，為可施設有諸生不？不也！世尊！
sarvaśo vā punar ānanda bhave asaty api nu kasya cit kā cij jātiḥ prajñāyeta / no bhadanta / (DhskD 16r7)
是故，慶喜！諸生皆以有為其緣，是名有緣生。如是諸生，有為緣，有為依，有為建立故，起、等起，生、等生，聚集、出現，故名有緣生。
tasmāt tarhy ānandaitan nidānam eṣa samudaya eṣa hetur eṣa pratyayo jātyā yad uta bhavaḥ / bhavapratyayā ānanda jātir / iti me yad uktam idaṃ me tat pratyuktaṃ /
[參考]中阿含97大因經
阿難！緣有有生者，此說緣有有生，當知所謂緣有有生。
阿難！若無有，魚、魚種，鳥，鳥種，蚊、蚊種，龍、龍種，神、神種，鬼、鬼種，天、天種，人、人種。
阿難！彼彼眾生隨彼彼處無有，各各無有者，設使離有，當有生耶？答曰：無也。
阿難！是故當知是生因、生習、生本、生緣者，謂此有也。所以者何？緣有故則有生。
