1.No. 721正法念處經，元魏婆羅門瞿曇般若流支譯
2.藏譯英The Application of Mindfulness of the Sacred Dharma, Saddharma smṛtyupasthāna https://read.84000.co/translation/toh287.html.
觀天品之十二(三十三天之九)
今為汝等，說十八界。何等十八？眾生無量，信解不同，無量種性，怖畏三過。三聚眾生，三種自在，微細信解。種種所作、種種性、種種業、種種道、種種苦樂、種種色、種種增上。一切眾生心界之性，心界廣多，身體各異，如是無量眾生心界。
4.B. -1676 “ ‘Mighty ones, subsequent to the types of migration there follows a presentation of the eighteen elements. I shall now explain these. What is meant by element? In beings who have diverse orientations the elements take diverse forms. Beings who are obscured by the three flaws belong to three groups and are governed by the three flaws. The various deeds, characters, actions, destinies, fortunes, sufferings, characters, and powers of beings that are oriented toward the subtle all reflect the nature, or elements, of the mind. Myriad types of existence occur within the general framework of existence. In this manner, the elements of the minds of all beings are limitless.
總略麁數有十八惡。心過所使，以廣心界，故有地獄、餓鬼、畜生、天、人輪轉。總說諸法，十八所攝。初界性中，欲為增上，天之與人，欲心增上。一切鬼女及畜生女、能變化者，慢心增上、瞋恚增上。以瞋心故，欲心薄少，是則名曰畜生，非人初界性也。於畜生中，復有多欲，欲心增上，謂孔雀鳥、俱翅羅鳥、鳩鴿鷄雀、鵝鴨鴛鴦、眾蜂魚等、迦陵頻伽鳥。其性多欲，是名上欲。
4.B. -1677 “ ‘The gods, humans, animals, starving spirits, and hell beings can be generally included within the enumeration of the eighteen elements, [F.266.b] which are determined by particular flaws of the mind. Hence, the summary of the eighteen elements is an exhaustive summary. In this classification scheme, the first element is the element of predominant desire. The element of predominant desire pertains to all female gods, humans, starving spirits, and animals, who indulge in pride. Their aggression is less predominant. This is the first element. Animals including peacocks, sparrows, cuckoos, doves, 328 hoopoes, bees, fish, chickens, 329 and others possess the element of predominant desire.
復次，諸天子！云何第二心性界也？於畜生中，何等畜生名為中欲？所謂猫狗猪牛、水牛駱駝、象馬騾驢、烏鵄雕鷲、鸜鵒鳥等，是名中欲。是名第二心性界也。
4.B. -1678 “ ‘What members of the animal realm possess the element of medium-level desire? Horses, cats, vomit-eating demons, donkeys, buffalo, pigs, elephants, camels, dogs, 330 crows, 331 owls, 332 and others all have a middling degree of desire. This is the second element of mind.
復次，諸天子！云何第三心性界耶？於畜生中，何等畜生名下欲心？所謂師子虎兕、狼狗熊羆、豺豹狐狸、摩伽羅魚、俱賒耶魚、吉利斯摩羅魚、摩伽羅魚、屯頭摩羅魚。如是等類，時節行欲，非時不行，是名下欲。是名第三心性界也。
4.B. -1679 “ ‘What animals then have the lesser element of desire? Lions, tigers, bears, leopards, goats, musk deer, squirrel, foxes, 333 crocodiles, 334 and others that only engage in intercourse during specific seasons. Such animals that have little desire outside of the season constitute those that possess the third element. There are many additional species —each with its own distinct appearance, lifespan, and name —but they cannot be described or listed here.
諸天子！於畜生中有無量種、無量生處、無量名字，不可具說、不可數知。復次，諸天子！云何第四心性界耶？於畜生中，何等畜生瞋心偏多，非欲心多？此第四界，所謂師子虎狼、狗蛇黃狖、兕豹熊羆、角鵄烏雕、失收摩羅及野猪等。如是眾生瞋心偏多，是名第四心性界也。
4.B. -1680 “ ‘Moreover, some among the animals are predominantly aggressive. Such animals that are overwhelmingly aggressive, rather than desirous, possess the fourth element. These mongooses, 335 include lions, tigers, leopards, snakes, [F.267.a] poisonous spiders, 336 mouse-hawks, 337 alligators, crocodiles, pigs, and others. Their element of aggression is overwhelmingly predominant.
復次，諸天子！云何第五心性界耶？於畜生中，何等畜生名為中瞋？所謂牛馬水牛、迦陵頻伽鳥、娑林陀鳥、迦盧陀鳥、孔雀鷄雉及猫鼠等，中瞋恚性。是名第五心性界也。
4.B. -1681 “ ‘What is the fifth element that concerns animals that have a middling degree of aggression? Cattle, 338 kalaviṅka birds, 339 peafowl, poultry, cats, and rats have a middling degree of aggression.
復次，諸天子！云何第六心性界耶？謂下瞋性。所謂下瞋者，鵝鴨鴛鴦、食魚白鳥、俱翅羅鳥、雀娑羅鳥、驢鹿龜鼈、兔蝟山烏、鴈鳥蝦蟇。如是等比，名為下瞋。是名第六心性界也。
Which of the animals with this fifth element have the least degree of aggression? Geese, storks, 340 deer, cuckoos, sparrows, swans, donkeys, turtles, rabbit killers, 341 frogs, and others have a lesser degree of aggression.
復次，諸天子！云何第七心性界耶？於鬼神中，若有神通，行於欲心。阿修羅神——畜生之數，欲性增多，名為上欲。是名第七心性界也。
4.B. -1682 “ ‘Which beings have the sixth element? The class of starving spirits that have great magical powers and desire possess this element. The seventh element pertains to the asuras that are classified among the animals and have an overwhelming predominance of the element of desire.
復次，諸天子！云何第八心性界耶？若食香餓鬼，名曰中欲。是名第八心性界也。
The eighth element pertains to those that subsist on smoke and have a middle degree of desire.
復次，諸天子！云何第九心性界耶？若悕望鬼、食棄食鬼，是名下欲。是名第九心性界也。
The ninth element pertains to those that subsist on offering cakes and have the least degree of desire.
復次，諸天子！云何第十心性界耶？迦樓足天等，名曰下欲，瞋心則多，好愛鬪諍，常欲與諸阿修羅鬪。以其瞋故，欲心則薄。是名第十心性界也。
The tenth element pertains to the gods who drink from gourd bottles. They have less desire but more anger than other gods. Yearning for war, they constantly pursue it. The asuras who wish for war have especially little desire.
復次，諸天子！云何第十一心性界耶？謂鬘持天，中欲、中瞋、中性，是名第十一心性界也。
Regarding this tenth element, the garland bearers have a middling degree of desire and aggression, and thus have a middling element.
復次，諸天子！云何第十二心性界耶？所謂常恣意天，欲性則多，瞋恚性少，不善鬪諍。
The ever-infatuated gods have an overwhelming predominance of the element of desire and little of the element of aggression, and so they are vigorous in all their pursuits.
行使諸天，多瞋少欲。是名十二心性界也。
4.B. -1683 “ ‘The eleventh element [F.267.b] pertains to wandering gods having an overwhelming predominance of the element of aggression, but less desire.
復次，諸天子！云何第十三心性界耶？所謂一切三十三天，欲性則多，瞋恚薄少，是名第十三心性界也。
The twelfth element pertains to the Heaven of the Thirty-Three and involves indulgence in desire but very little indulgence in aggression.
復次，諸天子！云何第十四心性界耶？謂欝單越人，瞋恚心薄，欲性界多，是名第十四心性界也。
The thirteenth element pertains to the residents of the northern continent of Kuru, who are predominantly desirous.
復次，諸天子！云何第十五心性界耶？謂瞿陀尼人，一切瞋恚心多，欲心亦多，二性同等，是名第十五心性界也。
The fourteenth element pertains to the residents of the western continent of Godānīya, who indulge in aggression.
復次，諸天子！云何第十六心性界耶？弗婆提人，欲心、瞋心二俱雜有，是名第十六心性界也。
The fifteenth element pertains to the residents of the eastern continent of Videha, who are involved in a mixture of desire and aggression, and are thus of an even constitution.
復次，諸天子！云何第十七心性界耶？謂閻浮提人，種種性、種種行、種種信解，是名十七心性界也。
The sixteenth element pertains to the humans of Jambudvīpa, whose characters, actions, and orientations are diverse.
復次，諸天子！云何第十八心性界耶？一切餘天及地獄人，雖受苦惱，見業幻女人，猶生欲心。以業作故，如是地獄欲心亦多四天王天。
The seventeenth element pertains to other gods and hell beings who have an overwhelming predominance of desire. Even in the hell realms there are male beings who desire the female sex. Thus, hell beings who have previously engaged in the relevant karmic actions as well as the gods of the four abodes have predominant desire.
眾生心性，如是界，如是依止，如是信解，是名總說一切十八界性。如是一切有欲、有瞋則有癡心，以癡因緣而有貪、瞋。若離癡心則無貪、瞋。以癡心故，或貪、或瞋。如是，諸天子！是名分別三種之過，以依過故，無量分別。
4.B. -1684 “ ‘The element that beings possess thus refers to their character, nature, and inclination, and all of them can be subsumed in terms of these eighteen elements. When beings indulge in desire or aggression, they are always in delusion, and so desire and aggression are dependent upon delusion. If there were no such stupidity, the passions would never stir. Mighty ones, in this way the elements manifest through the flaws of four distinct instances of the three flaws. 342
