2013年1月9日 星期三

集論42--諦品-滅諦

決擇分中諦品第一之三(atha viniścaye satya-paricchede prathame tṛtīyo bhāgaḥ) /

己三、滅諦(分二科)庚一、以六義分別滅諦(分二科)辛一、總標

云何滅諦?謂相故、甚深故、世俗故、勝義故、不圓滿故、圓滿故、無莊嚴故、有莊嚴故、有餘故、無餘故、最勝故、差別故分別滅諦。nirodha-satyaṃ katamat / lakṣaṇataḥ gāmbhīryataḥ saṃvṛtitaḥ paramārthataḥ aparipūritaḥ paripūritaḥ niralaṃkārataḥ sālaṃkārataḥ śeṣataḥ aśeṣataḥ agrataḥ paryāyataś ca nirodhasatyaṃ veditavyam //

辛二、別釋(分六科)壬一、辨體(分三科)癸一、總出體  

何等相故?謂真如聖道煩惱不生,若滅依、若能滅、若滅性是滅諦相。lakṣaṇataḥ katamat / tathatāyām āryamārge kleśānām anutpādo yo nirodhāśrayo nirodhako nirodha-svabhāvo vā // tan nirodha-satya-lakṣaṇam /(在真如的聖道中,諸煩惱不生。或是滅的所依,或是能滅,或是滅的本質。這就是滅諦的特性。)

癸二、引經證(分二科)子一、引頌  

如世尊說:眼耳及與鼻 舌身及與意 於此處名色 究竟滅無餘。yaduktaṃ bhagavatā cakṣuḥ śrotre ghrāṇa-jivhā-kāyāḥ / manaś ca teṣu āyataneṣu nāmarūpayor ātyantika-nirodho na śeṣaḥ iti /

雜阿含595經:眼耳鼻舌身,第六意入處,若彼名及色,得無餘滅盡。Cf. SN.2.24 Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati; Taṃ te dhammaṃ idhaññāya, acchiduṃ bhavabandhanan”ti.

子二、長行

又說:是故汝今當觀是處,所謂此處眼究竟滅遠離色想乃至意究竟滅遠離法想。yac ca uktaṃ tadāyatanaṃ veditavyaṃ yathā cakṣuś ca nirudhyate rūpa-saṃjñā ca virajyate yāvat manaś ca nirudhyate dharma-saṃjñā ca virajyate iti /

癸三、結成

由此道理顯示所緣真如境上有漏法滅是滅諦相。anena nayena ālambanānāṃ prāpaṇaṃ tathatāyām ālambanād ūrdhvaṃ sāsravāṇāṃ dharmāṇāṃ nirodhaḥ / tannirodhasatya lakṣaṇam //(由於這個道理,有對象的顯現,以及在超越對象的真如中,有漏法的息滅。這就是滅諦的特性。)

壬二、明深(分三科) 癸一、總顯非四句

何等甚深故?謂彼諸行究竟寂滅,如是寂滅望彼諸行不可說異、不可說不異、不可說亦異亦不異、不可說非異非不異。gāmbhīryataḥ katamat / yat teṣāṃ saṃskārāṇām upaśamān nirodhaḥ / tathopaśamāt teṣāṃ saṃskārāṇāṃ nirodho nānyo vācyaḥ nānanyo vācyaḥ nāpy anyo nāpy ananyo vācyaḥ na naivānyo nānanyo vācyaḥ //(什麼是甚深?因為那些諸行的寂靜,它是寂滅。因為這樣的寂靜,那些諸行的寂滅與諸行,不可以說不同,不可以說不是不同、不可說亦異亦不異、不可說非異非不異。)

癸二、釋 

所以者何?無戲論故於此義中若生戲論非正思議,非道非如,亦非善巧方便思故。kutaḥ / niṣprapañcataḥ / asmiṃs tv arthe prapañcotpattiḥ na saṃcintyā na mārgeṇa na nyāyena na kuśala-prayogeṇa cintyā iti / (為什麼?因為超越戲論的緣故。但是在這個意義中,當有戲論的時候,不是經由理解,不是經由道,不是經由邏輯,也不是經由善的方法,而能思考的緣故。)

癸三、引證 

如世尊說:此六觸處盡、離欲、滅、寂靜、沒等。若謂有異、若謂無異、若謂亦有異亦無異、若謂非有異非無異者於無戲論便生戲論,乃至有六處可有諸戲論六處既滅絕諸戲論即是涅槃。yaduktaṃ bhagavatā teṣāṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ spraṣṭavya-āyatanānāṃ kṣayo virāgo nirodho vyupaśamo 'staṃgama ity evamādi / syād anyaḥ syād ananyaḥ syād anyo 'pi nānyo 'pi (Abhidh-s 63) syān naivānyo nānanyo 'pi iti niṣprapañca prapañca utpadyate // yāvat ṣaḍāyatanāni tāvat prapañcāḥ // yadā ṣaḍāyatanānāṃ nirodhaś cchedaḥ tadā prapañcānāṃ viratiḥ //(當滅是斷六處的時候,那時候遠離諸戲論)

壬三、假實(分二科)癸一、世俗 

何等世俗故?謂以世間道摧伏種子所得滅,是故世尊別名說為彼分涅槃。saṃvṛtitaḥ katamat / laukika-mārgair vīja-nigraheṇa yo nirodho labhyate / ato bhagavatā tadāṃśika-nirvāṇam ity ucyate //(什麼是從世俗的角度來看滅呢?就是以世間道,經由摧伏種子,所得滅,是故,世尊別名說為這是部分的涅槃。)

癸二、勝義 

何等勝義故?謂以聖慧永拔種子所得滅。paramārthataḥ katamat / āryaprajñayā bīja-nirmūlena yo nirodho labhyate // (什麼是從勝義的角度來看滅呢?就是以聖者的慧,經由永拔種子,所得滅。)

壬四、因果(分二科)癸一、不圓滿

何等不圓滿故?謂諸有學或預流果攝、或一來果攝、或不還果攝等所有滅。aparipūritaḥ katamat / śaikṣāṇāṃ srotāpanna-phala-saṃgraheṇa vā sakṛdāgami-phala-saṃgraheṇa vā anāgāmi-phala-saṃgraheṇa vā yo nirodhaḥ //

癸二、圓滿

何等圓滿故?謂諸無學阿羅漢果攝等所有滅。paripūritaḥ katamat / aśaikṣyāṇām arhattva-phala-saṃgraheṇa yo nirodhaḥ //

壬五、勝劣(分二科)癸一、無莊嚴

何等無莊嚴故?謂慧解脫阿羅漢所有滅。niralaṃkārataḥ katamat / prajñā-vimuktānām arhatāṃ yo nirodhaḥ //

癸二、有莊嚴

何等有莊嚴故?謂俱分解脫三明、六通阿羅漢等所有滅。sālaṃkārataḥ katamat / ubhayabhāga vimuktānāṃ traividyānāṃ ṣaḍ-abhijñānām arhatāṃ yo nirodhaḥ //

壬六、根本(分四科)癸一、有餘

何等有餘故?謂有餘依滅。śeṣataḥ katamat / sopadhi-śeṣo yo nirodhaḥ //

癸二、無餘

何等無餘故?謂無餘依滅。aśeṣataḥ katamat / nirupadhi-śeṣo yo nirodhaḥ //

癸三、最勝  

何等最勝故?謂佛菩薩無住涅槃攝所有滅,以常安住一切有情利樂事故。agrataḥ katamat / buddhānāṃ bodhisattvānām apratiṣṭhita-nirvāṇa-saṃgraheṇa yo nirodhaḥ / sparśa-vihāriṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ sattvānāṃ hita-sukhādhiṣṭhānataḥ //

癸四、差別(分二科)子一、舉經

何等差別故?謂無餘永斷、永出、永吐、盡、離欲、滅、寂靜、沒等。paryāyataḥ katamat / aśeṣa-prahāṇaṃ prati-niḥsargaḥ vyantībhāvaḥ kṣayo virāgo nirodho vyupaśamo 'staṃgama ity evamādi //

子二、別釋(分二科) 丑一、釋標句 

何故名無餘永斷?由餘句故。kim upādāyocyate aśeṣa-prahāṇam / pariśiṣṭāni padāny upādāya //

丑二、釋別句(分三科) 寅一、初七依所滅辨名差別(分七科)卯一、永出

何故名永出?永出諸纏故。kim upādāyocyate pratiniḥsargaḥ / paryavasthāna-pratiniḥsaraṇatām upādāya //

卯二、永吐 

何故名永吐?永吐隨眠故。

卯三、盡

何故名盡?見道對治得離繫故。kim upādāyocyate kṣayaḥ / darśana-mārgeṇa pratipakṣa-visaṃyoga-lābhatām upādāya //

卯四、離欲 

何故名離欲?修道對治得離繫故。kim upādāyocyate virāgaḥ / bhāvanā-mārgeṇa pratipakṣa-visaṃyoga-lābhatām upādāya //

卯五、滅 

何故名滅?當來彼果苦不生故。Kim upādāyocyate nirodhaḥ / āyatyāṃ tatphala-duḥkhānutpattitām upādāya //

卯六、寂靜 

何故名寂靜?於現法中彼果心苦永不行故。kim upādāyocyate vyupaśamaḥ / dṛṣṭe dharme tatphala-cetta-duḥkhāsamudācāratām upādāya //

卯七、沒

何故名沒?餘所有事永滅沒故。kim upādāyocyate 'staṃgamaḥ / sopadhi-śeṣa-nirodhatām upādāya //

寅二、釋自通名(分二十一科)卯一、無為

何故此滅復名無為?離三相故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar asaṃskṛtam ity ucyate / lakṣaṇa-traya-virahatām upādāya //

卯二、難見

何故此滅復名難見?超過肉眼、天眼境故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar durdarśa ity ucyate / carma-cakṣuṣo divya-cakṣuṣaś ca (Abhidh-s 64) gocarātikramaṇatām upādāya //

卯三、不轉 

何故此滅復名不轉?永離諸趣差別轉故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar acalam ity ucyate / gatiṣu saṃcāra-virahamām upādāya //

卯四、不卑屈 

何故此滅名不卑屈?離三愛故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar amatam ity ucyate / tṛṣṇā-traya-virahatām upādāya //

卯五、甘露

何故此滅復名甘露?離蘊魔故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar amṛtam ity ucyate / skandha-māra-virahatām upādāya //

卯六、無漏 

何故此滅復名無漏?永離一切煩惱魔故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar anāsravam ity ucyate / sarva-kleśa-māra-virahatām upādāya //

卯七、舍宅

何故此滅復名舍宅?無罪喜樂所依事故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar layanam ity ucyate / anavadya-prīti-sukha-saṃniśrayatām upādāya //

卯八、州渚

何故此滅復名洲渚?三界隔絕故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar dvīpam ity ucyate / traidhātuka-paricchedatām upādāya //

卯九、弘濟

何故此滅復名弘濟?能遮一切大苦災橫故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punas trāṇam ity ucyate / sarva-mahāduḥkhopadravāpagamatām upādāya //

卯十、歸依

何故此滅復名歸依?無有虛妄意樂方便所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punaḥ śaraṇam ity ucyate / āśaya-prayogayor abandhya-pada-sthānatām upādāya //

卯十一、勝歸趣 

何故此滅名勝歸趣?能為歸趣一切最勝聖性所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punaḥ parāyaṇam ity ucyate / sarvasya param āryatvasyāgamana-padasthāṇatām upādāya //

卯十二、不死 

何故此滅復名不死?永離生故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar acyutam ity ucyate / jāti-virahatām upādāya //

卯十三、無熱惱

何故此滅名無熱惱?永離一切煩惱熱故、永離一切求不得苦大熱惱故。kim upādāya sa nirodha punar nirvāram ity ucyate / sarva-kleśa-santāpa-virahatāṃ sarvecchālābha-duḥkha-mahāsantāpa-virahatāṃ copādāya //

卯十四、無熾然

何故此滅名無熾然?永離一切愁歎憂苦諸惱亂故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar niṣpadāridāham ity ucyate / sarva śoka-paridevanā-duḥkha-daurmanasya vikṣepa-virahatām upādāya //

卯十五、安隱

何故此滅復名安隱?離怖畏住所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punaḥ kṣemam ity ucyate / hiṃsā-bhaya-rahita-vihāra-padasthānatām upādāya //

卯十六、清涼

何故此滅復名清涼?諸利益事所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punaḥ śivam ity ucyate / lābha-vastu-padasthānatām upādāya //

卯十七、樂事

何故此滅復名樂事?第一義樂事故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punaḥ sauvarṇikam ity ucyate paramārtha-sukhādhiṣṭhānatām upādāya //

卯十八、趣吉祥 

何故此滅名趣吉祥?為證得彼易修方便所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punaḥ svastyayanam ity ucyate / tatsukha-prayoga-prāpti-padasthānatām upādāya //

卯十九、無病

何故此滅復名無病?永離一切障礙病故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar ārogyam ity ucyate / sarvāvaraṇa-roga-virahatām upādāya //

卯二十、不動

何故此滅復名不動?永離一切散動故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar āniñjyam ity ucyate / sarva-vikṣepa-virahatām upādāya //

卯二十一、涅槃 

何故此滅復名涅槃?無相寂滅大安樂住所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar nirvāṇam ity ucyate / animitta-śānta-mahā-sukha-vihāra-padasthānatām upādāya /

寅三、對苦諦辨名(分五科)卯一、無生 

何故此滅復名無生?離續生故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar ajātam ity ucyate / pratisaṃdhy-upapatti-virahatām upādāya //

卯二、無起

何故此滅復名無起?永離此後漸生起故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar abhūtam ity ucyate / taduttarakālotpatti-virahatām upādāya // (Abhidh-s 65)

卯三、無造

何故此滅復名無造?永離前際諸業煩惱勢力所引故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar askṛtam ity ucyate / pūrvānta-karma-kleśa-balavad-āvedha-virahatām upādāya //

卯四、無作

何故此滅復名無作?不作現在諸業煩惱所依處故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar asaṃskṛtam ity ucyate / vartamāna-karma-kleśānabhisaṃskāra-padasthānatām upādāya /

卯五、不生

何故此滅復名不生?永離未來相續生故。kim upādāya sa nirodhaḥ punar anutpannam ity ucyate / anāgata-santaty-utpāda-virahatām upādāya //

庚二、辨四行相(分二科)辛一、總標

如是滅諦總有四種行相差別:謂滅相、靜相、妙相、離相。tathā nirodha-satyasya samāsataś catvāro lakṣaṇa-prabhedāḥ / nirodha-lakṣaṇaṃ śānta-lakṣaṇaṃ praṇīta-lakṣaṇaṃ niḥsaraṇa-lakṣaṇaṃ ca /

辛二、別釋(分四科)壬一、滅相 

云何滅相?煩惱離繫故。kim upādāya nirodha-lakṣaṇam / kleśa-visaṃyogatām upādāya //

壬二、靜相 

云何靜相?苦離繫故。kim upādāya śānta-lakṣaṇam / duḥkha-visaṃyogatām upādāya /

壬三、妙相 

云何妙相?樂淨事故。kim upādāya praṇīta-lakṣaṇam / sukha-śucy-adhiṣṭhānatām upādāya //

壬四、離相 

云何離相?常利益事故。kim upādāya niḥsaraṇa-lakṣaṇam / nitya-hitādhiṣṭhānatām upādāya //

(atha viniścaye satya-paricchede prathame caturtho bhāgaḥ)