法蘊足論-1.學處品

1.序

一時，薄伽梵在室羅筏住逝多林給孤獨園。

15. (pañca bhayāni vadyāni vairāṇi)

evaṃ mayā śrutam ekasmin samaye bhagavāṃś chrāvastyāṃ viharati jetavane 'nāthapiṇḍadasyārāme /

2.五怖罪怨

2.1.不寂靜者---墮險惡趣

爾時，世尊告苾芻眾：諸有於彼五怖罪怨不寂靜者，彼於現世為諸聖賢同所訶厭，名為犯戒自損傷者，有罪、有貶，生多非福，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。

tatra bhagavān bhikṣūn āmantrayate sma / yasya kasya cid bhikṣavaḥ (DhskD 17r4) paṃca bhayāni vadyāni vairāṇi aśāntāni bhavanti sa dṛṣṭa eva dharme vijñānāṃ garhyo bhavati paścāc cānutāpyaḥ kāyasya ca bhedāt paraṃ maraṇād apāyadurgatiṃ vinipātaṃ narakeṣūpapadyate /

2.1.1.何等為五？

何等為五？

katamāni paṃca bhayāni (DhskD 17r5) vadyāni vairāṇy aśāntāni bhavanti /

謂殺生者，殺生緣故，生怖罪怨，不離殺生，是名第一。

yat prāṇātipātikaḥ prāṇātipātapratyayaṃ vadyaṃ vairaṃ prasavati prāṇātipātād aprativiratasya evam asyedaṃ prathamaṃ bhayaṃ vadyaṃ vairam aśāntaṃ bhavati /

不與取者，劫盜緣故，生怖罪怨，不離劫盜，是名第二。

欲邪行者，邪行緣故，生怖罪怨，不離邪行，是名第三。

虛誑語者，虛誑緣故，生怖罪怨，不離虛誑，是名第四。

飲味諸酒放逸處者，飲味諸酒放逸處緣故，生怖罪怨，不離飲酒諸放逸處，是名第五。

yad (DhskD 17r6) adattādāyikaḥ kāmamithyācāriko mṛṣāvādikaḥ

surāmaireyamadyapramādasthāyikaḥ surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānabhayaṃ vadyaṃ vairaṃ prasavati surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād aprativiratasya (DhskD 17r7) evam asyedaṃ paṃcamaṃ bhayaṃ vadyaṃ vairam aśāntaṃ bhavati /

2.1.2.結

有於如是五怖罪怨不寂靜者，彼於現世為諸聖賢同所訶厭，名為犯戒自損傷者，有罪、有貶，生多非福，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。

yasya kasya cid imāni paṃca bhayāni vadyāni vairāṇy aśāntāni bhavanti sa dṛṣṭa eva dharme vijñānāṃ garhyo bhavati paścāc cānutāpyaḥ / (DhskD 17r8) kāyasya bhedāt paraṃ maraṇād apāyadurgatiṃ vinipātaṃ narakeṣūpapadyate /

2.2.能寂靜者---升安善趣

諸有於彼五怖罪怨能寂靜者，彼於現世為諸聖賢同所欽歎，名為持戒自防護者，無罪、無貶，生多勝福，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

yasya tu kasya cit paṃca bhayāni vadyāni vairāṇi śāntāni bhavanti sa dṛṣṭa eva dharme vijñānāṃ praśasyo bhavati paścāc ca nānutāpyaḥ (DhskD 17r9) kāyasya ca bhedāt sugatau svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate /

2.2.1.何等為五？

katamāni paṃca bhayāni vadyāni vairāṇi śāntāni bhavanti /

謂離殺生者，離殺生緣故，滅怖罪怨，能離殺生，是名第一。

yat* prāṇātipātikaḥ prāṇātipātapratyayaṃ bhayaṃ vadyaṃ vairaṃ prasavati prāṇātipātāt (DhskD 17r10) prativiratasya evam asyedaṃ prathamaṃ vadyaṃ vairaṃ śāntaṃ bhavati /

離不與取者，離劫盜緣故，滅怖罪怨，能離劫盜，是名第二。

離欲邪行者，離邪行緣故，滅怖罪怨，能離邪行，是名第三。

離虛誑語者，離虛誑緣故，滅怖罪怨，能離虛誑，是名第四。

離飲諸酒放逸處者，離飲諸酒放逸處緣故，滅怖罪怨，能離飲酒諸放逸處，是名第五。

yad adattādāyikaḥ kāmamithyācāriko mṛṣāvādikaḥ surāmaireyamadyapramādasthāyikaḥ surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānapratyayaṃ (DhskD 17v1) bhayaṃ vadyaṃ vairaṃ prasavati surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānāt prativiratasya evam asyedaṃ paṃcamaṃ bhayaṃ vadyaṃ vairaṃ śāntaṃ bhavati /

2.2.2.結

有於如是五怖罪怨能寂靜者，彼於現世為諸聖賢同所欽歎，名為持戒自防護者，無罪、無貶，生多勝福，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

yasya kasya cid imāni paṃca bhayāni vadyāni vairāṇi śāntāni bhavanti sa dṛṣṭa eva dharme (DhskD 17v2) vijñānāṃ praśasyo bhavati paścāc ca nānutāpyaḥ kāyasya ca bhedāt sugatau svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate /

3.說頌

爾時，世尊為攝前義，而說頌曰：

idam avocad bhagavān / idam uktvā sugato hy athāparam etad uvāca śāstā //

諸行殺盜婬，虛誑耽諸酒，五怖罪怨縛，聖賢所訶厭。

名犯戒自傷，有罪招非福，死墮險惡趣，生諸地獄中。

yaḥ prāṇam atipātayati mṛṣāvādaṃ (DhskD 17v3) ca bhāṣate /

loke adattam ādatte paradāraṃ ca gacchati /

surāmaireyapānaṃ ca yo naro hy adhigṛdhyati /

saktaḥ paṃcasu dharmeṣu duḥśīla iti kathyate /

kāyasya bhedād duṣprajño narakeṣūpapadyate //

諸離殺盜婬，虛誑耽諸酒，五怖罪怨脫，聖賢所欽歎。

名持戒自防，無罪感勝福，死升安善趣，生諸天界中。

yas tu prāṇaṃ nātipātayati (DhskD 17v4) mṛṣāvādaṃ na bhāṣate /

loke adattaṃ nādatte paradāraṃ na gacchati /

surāmaireyapānaṃ ca yo naro nādhigṛdhyati /

muktaḥ paṃcasu dharmeṣu śīlavān iti kathyate /

kāyasya bhedāt sugato svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate / idam (DhskD 17v5) avocat* //

1.雜阿含845經

世尊告諸比丘：若比丘於五恐怖怨對休息，三事決定，不生疑惑，如實知見賢聖正道，彼聖弟子能自記說：地獄、畜生、餓鬼惡趣已盡，得須陀洹，不墮惡趣法，決定正向三菩提，七有天人往生，究竟苦邊。何等為五恐怖怨對休息？若殺生因緣罪怨對恐怖生；若離殺生者，彼殺生罪怨對因緣生恐怖休息。若偷盜、邪婬、妄語、飲酒罪怨對因緣生恐怖；彼若離偷盜、邪婬、妄語、飲酒罪怨對者，因緣恐怖休息，是名罪怨對因緣生五恐怖休息。

2.十誦律，卷60，T23, p.445

如是我聞，一時佛在舍婆提。爾時，佛告諸比丘：若人五怖、五罪、五怨、五滅，是人五怖罪怨故，死後譬如力士屈伸臂頃，墮於地獄。何等五？一者殺，二者偷，三者邪婬，四者妄語，五者飲酒。若人五怖、五罪、五怨、五滅，是人五怖罪怨滅故，死後譬如力士屈伸臂頃，生於天上。何等五？不殺怖罪怨滅，不偷、不邪婬、不妄語、不飲酒，亦如是怖罪怨滅。

1.鄔波索迦

齊何名曰鄔波索迦？

謂諸在家白衣男子，男根成就，歸佛、法、僧，起殷淨心，發誠諦語，自稱：我是鄔波索迦，願尊憶持、慈悲護念。齊是名曰鄔波索迦。

16. (upāsakaḥ)

kiyatā upāsako bhavati / yataś ca gṛhī avadātavasanaḥ puruṣaḥ puruṣendriyeṇa samanvāgataḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gacchati cittam utpādayati vācaṃ ca bhāṣate upāsakaṃ (DhskD 17v6) māṃ dhārayeti / iyatā upāsako bhavati /

2.受持五學處

2.1.能學一分

此何名為能學一分？謂前所說鄔波索迦，歸佛、法、僧，發誠言已，唯能離殺，不離餘四，如是名為能學一分。

kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsv ekadeśakārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati prāṇātipātāt (DhskD 17v7) prativirataḥ adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādād aprativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsv ekadeśakārī bhavati /

2.2.能學少分

復何名為能學少分？謂如前說鄔波索迦，歸佛、法、僧，發誠言已，能離殺、盜，不離餘三，如是名為能學少分。

kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu (DhskD 17v8) pradeśakārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati prāṇātipātād adattādānāt prativirataḥ kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād (DhskD 17v9) aprativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu pradeśakārī bhavati /

2.3.能學多分

復何名為能學多分？謂前所說鄔波索迦，歸佛、法、僧，發誠言已，離殺、盜、婬，不離餘二，如是名為能學多分。

kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu yadbhūyaskārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ (DhskD 17v10) gato bhavati prāṇātipātād adattādānāt kāmamithyācārāt prativirataḥ mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād aprativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu yadbhūyaskāri bhavati /

(DhskD 18r1) kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsv aparipūrṇakārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati prāṇātipātād adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt prativirataḥ surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād (DhskD 18r2) aprativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsv aparipūrṇakārī bhavati /

2.4.能學滿分

復何名為能學滿分？謂前所說鄔波索迦，歸佛、法、僧，發誠言已，具能離五，如是名為能學滿分。

kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu paripūrṇakārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati prāṇātipātāt (DhskD 18r3) prativirataḥ adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānāt prativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu paripūrṇakārī bhavati //

2.5.唯能自利，不能利他

成就五法鄔波索迦，唯能自利，不能利他。何等為五？謂前所說鄔波索迦自離殺生，乃至飲酒諸放逸處；不能勸他令離殺生，乃至飲酒諸放逸處。如是名為成就五法鄔波索迦，唯能自利，不能利他。

paṃcabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ (DhskD 18r4) ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati na parahitāya / katamaiḥ paṃcabhiḥ / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati / no tu parān prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati / ātmanā adattādānāt326 (DhskD 18r5) kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānāt prativirato bhavati / no tu parān surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānaviratau samādāpayati / ebhiḥ paṃcabhiḥ (DhskD 18r6) dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsaka ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya //

2.6.能利自他，不能廣利

成就十法鄔波索迦，能利自他，不能廣利。何等為十？謂前所說鄔波索迦自離殺生，乃至飲酒諸放逸處；亦能勸他令離殺生，乃至飲酒諸放逸處；不能見餘能離殺等歡喜、慶慰。如是名為成就十法鄔波索迦，能利自他，不能廣利。

daśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato (DhskD 18r7) bhavati parāṃś ca prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati / ātmanā adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadya-pramādasthānāt prativirato bhavati parāṃś ca surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānaviratau (DhskD 18r8) samādāpayati / ebhir daśabhir dharmais samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca //

2.4.能利自他，亦能廣利

成就十五法鄔波索迦，能利自他，亦能廣利。

何等十五？謂前所說鄔波索迦自離殺生，乃至飲酒諸放逸處；亦能勸他令離殺生乃至飲酒諸放逸處；及能見餘離殺生等歡喜、慶慰。如是名為成就十五法鄔波索迦，能利自他，亦能廣利。

paṃcadaśabhir dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ atmāhitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca (DhskD 18r9) bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya ca / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati parān api prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati prāṇātipātavirataṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ātmanā (DhskD 18r10) adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireya-madyapramādasthānaviratau samādāpayati surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānavirataṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumakiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu yadbhūyaskārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ (DhskD 17v10) gato bhavati prāṇātipātād adattādānāt kāmamithyācārāt prativirataḥ mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād aprativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu yadbhūyaskāri bhavati /

(DhskD 18r1) kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsv aparipūrṇakārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati prāṇātipātād adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt prativirataḥ surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād (DhskD 18r2) aprativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsv aparipūrṇakārī bhavati /kiyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu paripūrṇakārī bhavati / yataś copāsakaḥ buddhaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati dharmaṃ saṃghaṃ śaraṇaṃ gato bhavati prāṇātipātāt (DhskD 18r3) prativirataḥ adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānāt prativirataḥ iyatā upāsakaḥ śikṣāsu paripūrṇakārī bhavati //

paṃcabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ (DhskD 18r4) ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati na parahitāya / katamaiḥ paṃcabhiḥ / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati / no tu parān prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati / ātmanā adattādānāt326 (DhskD 18r5) kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānāt prativirato bhavati / no tu parān surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānaviratau samādāpayati / ebhiḥ paṃcabhiḥ (DhskD 18r6) dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsaka ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya //

daśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato (DhskD 18r7) bhavati parāṃś ca prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati / ātmanā adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireyamadya-pramādasthānāt prativirato bhavati parāṃś ca surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānaviratau (DhskD 18r8) samādāpayati / ebhir daśabhir dharmais samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca //

paṃcadaśabhir dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ atmāhitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca (DhskD 18r9) bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya ca / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati parān api prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati prāṇātipātavirataṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ātmanā (DhskD 18r10) adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt surāmaireya-madyapramādasthānnojño bhavaty / ebhiḥ paṃcadaśabhir dharmaiḥ (DhskD 18v1) samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya ca //

3.八法---淨信、惠捨、數往、聞法、持法、思擇、法隨法行、和敬行隨法行SA929,MA1

3.1.唯能自利，不能利他

成就八法鄔波索迦，唯能自利，不能利他。何等為八？

aṣṭābhir dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati na parahitāya /

1)謂前所說鄔波索迦自具淨信，不能勸他，令具淨信。

ātmanā (DhskD 18v2) śraddhāsaṃpanno bhavati no tu parāṃ cchraddhāsaṃpadi samādāpayati /

2)自具淨戒，不能勸他，令具淨戒。

ātmānā śīlasaṃpannas

3)自具惠捨，不能勸他，令具惠捨。

tyāgasaṃpannaḥ /

4)自能策勵，數往伽藍，禮覲有德諸苾芻眾；不能勸他，令其策勵，數往伽藍，禮覲有德諸苾芻眾。

abhīkṣṇam ārāmaṃ gantā bhavati bhikṣūṇāṃ darśanāya /

5)自能至誠聽聞正法，不能勸他，令其至誠聽聞正法。

avahitaśrotro dharmaṃ śṛṇoti /

6)自聞法已，能持不忘，不能勸他，令持不忘。

śrutānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ dhāraṇajātīyo bhavati (DhskD 18v3) /

7)自持法已，能思擇義，不能勸他，令思擇義。

dhṛtānāṃ dharmāṇām arthopaparīkṣī bhavati /

8)自思擇已，為證法義，能正勤脩法隨法行，成和敬行、隨法行者，不能勸他，令正勤脩法隨法行，成和敬行、隨法行者。

ātmanā upaparīkṣitānāṃ dharmāṇām artham ājñāya dharmam ājñāya dharmānudharma-pratipanno bhavati sāmīcīpratipanno 'nudharma no tu parān dharmacārī no tu parān dharmānudharmapratipattau (DhskD 18v4) samādāpayati /

如是名為成就八法。鄔波索迦唯能自利，不能利他。

ebhir aṣṭābhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati na parahitāya /

3.2.能利自他，不能廣利

成就十六法鄔波索迦，能利自他，不能廣利。何等十六？謂前所說鄔波索迦自具淨信，亦能勸他令具淨信。廣說乃至自思擇已，為證法義，能正勤脩法隨法行，成和敬行、隨法行者，亦能勸他令正勤脩法隨法行，成和敬行、隨法行者。不能見餘具淨信等，歡喜、慶慰。如是名為成就十六法鄔波索迦，能利自他，不能廣利。

ṣoḍaśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati (DhskD 18v5) parahitāya ca / ātmanā śraddhāsaṃpanno bhavati parān api śraddhāsaṃpadi samādāpayati / ātmanā śīlasaṃpannas tyāgasaṃpanno bhavaty / ātmanā abhīkṣṇam ārāmaṃ gantā bhavati bhikṣūṇāṃ darśanāya / avahitaśrotro (DhskD 18v6) dharmaṃ śṛṇoti / śrutānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ dhāraṇajātīyo bhavati / dhṛtānāṃ dharmāṇāṃ upaparīkṣaṇajātīyo bhavati / ātmanā upaparīkṣitānāṃ dharmāṇām artham ājñāya dharmaṃ ājñāya dharmānudharmapratipanno (DhskD 18v7) bhavati / sāmīcīpratipanno 'nudharmacārī parāṃś ca dharmānudharma-pratipattau samādāpayati / ebhiḥ ṣoḍaśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsaka ātmahitāya (DhskD 18v8) pratipanno bhavati parahitāya ca /

3.3.能利自他，亦能廣利

成就二十四法鄔波索迦，能利自他，亦能廣利。

何等名為二十四法？謂前所說鄔波索迦自具淨信，亦能勸他令具淨信。廣說乃至自思擇已，為證法義，能正勤脩法隨法行，成和敬行、隨法行者，亦能勸他令正勤脩法隨法行，成和敬行、隨法行者。及能見餘具淨信等，歡喜、慶慰。如是名為成就二十四法鄔波索迦，能利自他，亦能廣利。

caturviṃśatyā dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya ca / ātmanā śraddhāsaṃpanno bhavati parān (DhskD 18v9) api śraddhāsaṃpadi samādāpayati śraddhāsaṃpannaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ātmanā śīlasaṃpannaḥ tyāgasaṃpannaḥ / abhīkṣṇam ārāmaṃ gantā bhavati bhikṣūṇāṃ darśanāya / avahitaśrotro dharmaṃ śṛṇoti / śrutānāṃ (DhskD 18v10) dharmāṇāṃ dhāraṇajātīyo bhavati / dhṛtānāṃ dharmāṇām arthopaparikṣī bhavati / ātmanā upaparikṣitānāṃ dharmāṇām artham ājñāya dharmam ājñāya dharmānudharmapratipanno bhavati sāmīcīpratipanno 'nudharmacār (DhskD 19r1) / parān api dharmānudharma-pratipattau samādāpayati / dharmānudharmapratipannaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ebhiś caturviṃśatyā dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ ātmahitāya pratipanno bhavati parahitāya bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya (DhskD 19r2) ca //

參考：

1.雜阿含927經

時，有釋種名摩訶男，來詣佛所，稽首佛足，退坐一面，白佛言：世尊！云何名為優婆塞？

佛告摩訶男：在家清白修習淨住，男相成就，作是說言：我今盡壽歸佛、歸法、歸比丘僧，為優婆塞，證知我！是名優婆塞。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名為優婆塞信具足？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞者，於如來所正信為本，堅固難動，諸沙門、婆羅門、諸天、魔、梵，及餘世間所不能壞。摩訶男！是名優婆塞信具足。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞戒具足？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞離殺生、不與取、邪婬、妄語、飲酒，不樂作。摩訶男！是名優婆塞戒具足。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞聞具足？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞聞具足者，聞則能持，聞則積集，若佛所說初、中、後善，善義善味，純一滿淨，梵行清白，悉能受持。摩訶男！是名優婆塞聞具足。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞捨具足？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞捨具足者，為慳垢所纏者，心離慳垢，住於非家，修解脫施、勤施、常施，樂捨財物，平等布施。摩訶男！是名優婆塞捨具足。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞智慧具足？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞智慧具足者，謂此苦如實知，此苦集如實知，此苦滅如實知，此苦滅道跡如實知。摩訶男！是名優婆塞慧具足。

2.雜阿含929經

爾時，釋氏摩訶男來詣佛所，稽首佛足，退坐一面，白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞者，在家清白，乃至盡壽，歸依三寶，為優婆塞，證知我！

摩訶男白佛：世尊！云何為滿足一切優婆塞事？

佛告摩訶男：若優婆塞有信無戒，是則不具，當勤方便，具足淨戒。具足信、戒而不施者，是則不具；以不具故，精勤方便，修習布施，令其具足滿。信、戒、施滿，不能隨時往詣沙門，聽受正法，是則不具；以不具故，精勤方便，隨時往詣塔寺，見諸沙門，不一心聽受正法，是不具足。信、戒、施、聞修習滿足，聞已不持，是不具足；以不具足故，精勤方便，隨時往詣沙門，專心聽法，聞則能持。不能觀察諸法深義，是不具足；不具足故，精勤方便，信、戒、施、聞，聞則能持，持已，觀察甚深妙義，而不隨順知法次法向，是則不具，以不具故，精勤方便，信、戒、施、聞，受持觀察，了達深義，隨順行法次法向。摩訶男！是名滿足一切種優婆塞事。

摩訶男白佛：世尊！云何名優婆塞能自安慰，不安慰他？

佛告摩訶男：若優婆塞能自立戒，不能令他立於正戒；自持淨戒，不能令他持戒具足；自行布施，不能以施建立於他；自詣塔寺見諸沙門，不能勸他令詣塔寺往見沙門；自專聽法，不能勸人樂聽正法；聞法自持，不能令他受持正法；自能觀察甚深妙義，不能勸人令觀深義；自知深法能隨順行法次法向，不能勸人令隨順行法次法向。摩訶男！如是八法成就者，是名優婆塞能自安慰，不安慰他。

摩訶男白佛：世尊！優婆塞成就幾法自安安他？

佛告摩訶男：若優婆塞成就十六法者，是名優婆塞自安安他。何等為十六？摩訶男！若優婆塞具足正信，建立他人；自持淨戒，亦以淨戒建立他人；自行布施，教人行施；自詣塔寺見諸沙門，亦教人往見諸沙門；自專聽法，亦教人聽；自受持法，教人受持；自觀察義，教人觀察；自知深義，隨順修行法次法向，亦復教人解了深義，隨順修行法次法向。摩訶男！如是十六法成就者，是名優婆塞能自安慰，亦安慰他人。摩訶男！若優婆塞成就如是十六法者，彼諸大眾悉詣其所，謂婆羅門眾、剎利眾、長者眾、沙門眾，於諸眾中威德顯曜。譬如日輪，初、中及後，光明顯照。如是，優婆塞十六法成就者，初、中及後，威德顯照。如是，摩訶男！若優婆塞十六法成就者，世間難得。

4.十業

4.1.惡業-自

成就十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。何等為十？一殺生、二不與取、三欲邪行、四虛誑語、五離間語、六粗惡語、七雜穢語、八貪欲、九瞋恚、十邪見。若有成就如是十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。

daśabhir dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedāt paraṃ maraṇād apāyadurgati-vinipātaṃ narakeṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātiko bhavati / adattādāyikaḥ kāmamithyācāriko mṛṣāvādikaḥ piśunavādikaḥ (DhskD 19r3) paruṣavādikaḥ saṃbhinnapralāpiko 'bhidhyālur vyāpannacitto mithyādṛṣṭikaś ca bhavati / ebhir daśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvan narakeṣūpapadyate /

4.2.善業-自

成就十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

何等為十？一離殺生、二離不與取、三離欲邪行、四離虛誑語、五離離間語、六離粗惡語、七離雜穢語、八無貪、九無瞋、十正見。若有成就如是十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

(DhskD 19r9) daśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedāt sugatau svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati / ātmanā adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt paiśunyāt pāruṣyāt (DhskD 19r10) saṃbhinnapralāpād anabhidhyālur avyāpannacittaḥ samyagdṛṣṭiko bhavati / ebhir daśabhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedāt sugatau svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate //

參考：雜阿含1056經

爾時，世尊告諸比丘：若成就十法者，如鐵鉾鑽水，身壞命終，下入惡趣泥犁中。何等為十？謂殺生，乃至邪見。若成就十法，譬如鐵鉾仰鑽虛空，身壞命終，上生天上。何等為十？謂不殺生，乃至正見。

此十法的種種名稱：殺生……乃至邪見。出不出法(aparikkamana dhamma)SA1050；此岸SA1051；惡法(asaddhamma) SA1052-1053；不善男子(asappurisadhamma) SA1054-1055；非法(asaddhamma)SA1060。

不殺生…乃至正見。出法(saparikkamana dhamma)；彼岸；真實法(saddhamma)；善男子(sappurisadhamma)；正法(saddhamma)。

SA1061非律、正律，如是非聖及聖，不善及善，非親近、親近，非善哉、善哉，黑法、白法，非義、正義，卑法、勝法，有罪法、無罪法，棄法、不棄法。

SA1053世尊告諸比丘：有惡法、惡惡法，有真實法、真實真實法。諦聽！善思！當為汝說。云何為惡法？謂殺生……乃至邪見，是名惡法。云何為惡惡法？謂自殺生，教人令殺；……乃至自起邪見，復以邪見教人令行，是名惡惡法。云何為真實法？謂不殺生……乃至正見，是名真實法。云何為真實真實法？謂自不殺生，教人不殺；……乃至自行正見，復以正見教人令行，是名真實真實法。

SA1055世尊告諸比丘：有不善男子、不善男子不善男子，有善男子、善男子善男子。諦聽！善思！當為汝說。云何為不善男子？謂殺生……乃至邪見者，是名不善男子。云何為不善男子不善男子？謂手自殺生，教人令殺；……乃至自行邪見，教人令行邪見，是名不善男子不善男子。云何為善男子？謂不殺生……乃至正見者，是名善男子。云何為善男子善男子？謂自不殺生，教人不殺；……乃至自行正見，復以正見教人令行，是名善男子善男子。

4.3.惡業-自、勸他

成就二十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。何等二十？謂自殺生，亦勸他殺；廣說乃至自起邪見，亦復勸他令起邪見。若有成就此二十法，身壞命終，墮諸惡趣，生地獄中。

viṃśatyā dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvan (DhskD 19r4) narakeṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātiko bhavati parān api prāṇātipāte samādāpayati / ātmanā adattādāyiko yāvan mithyādṛṣṭikaḥ / parān api mithyādṛṣṭau samādāpayaty / ebhir viṃśatyā dharmaiḥ samanvāgata (DhskD 19r5) upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvan narakeṣūpapadyate /

4.4.善業-自、勸他

成就二十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。何等二十？謂自離殺，亦能勸他令其離殺；廣說乃至自起正見，亦能勸他令起正見。若有成就此二十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

viṃśatyā dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ (DhskD 19v1) kāyasya bhedād yāvad deveṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati / parān api prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati / ātmanā adattādānād yāvat samyagdṛṣṭiko bhavati / parān api samyagdṛṣṭau samādāpayati / ebhir (DhskD 19v2) viṃśatyā dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsako yāvad deveṣūpapadyate //

參考：雜阿含1057經

世尊告諸比丘：若成就二十法者，如鐵鉾鑽水，身壞命終，下生惡趣泥犁中。何等為二十？謂自手殺生，教人令殺；……乃至自行邪見，復以邪見教人令行，是名二十法成就。如鐵鉾鑽水，身壞命終，下生惡趣泥犁中。有二十法成就，譬如鐵鉾仰鑽虛空，身壞命終，上生天上。何等為二十法？謂自不殺生，教人不殺；……乃至自行正見，復以正見教人令行，是名二十法成就。如鐵鉾仰鑽虛空，身壞命終，上生天上。

4.5.惡業-自、勸他、隨喜

成就三十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。何等三十？謂自不離殺，勸他令殺，見不離殺歡喜、慰喻；廣說乃至自起邪見，亦復勸他令起邪見，見起邪見歡喜、慰喻。若有成就此三十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。

triṃśatā dharmaiḥ samanvāgataḥ upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvan narakeṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātiko bhavati / parān api prāṇātipāte samādāpayati (DhskD 19r6) prāṇātipātikaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ātmanā adattādāyiko yāvan mithyādṛṣṭikaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ebhis triṃśatā dharmaiḥ samanvāgataḥ upāsako yāvat kāyasya bhedān (DhskD 19r7) narakeṣūpapadyate /

4.6.善業-自、勸他、隨喜

成就三十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。何等三十？謂自離殺生，勸他離殺，見餘離歡喜、慰喻；廣說乃至自起正見，亦復勸他令起正見，見起正見歡喜、慰喻。若有成就此三十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

triṃśatā dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvad deveṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati / parān api prāṇātipātaviratau (DhskD 19v3) samādāpayati / prāṇātipātavirataṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati / ātmanā adattādānād yāvat samyagdṛṣṭikaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavaty / ebhis triṃśatā dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvad deveṣūpapadyate //

參考：雜阿含1058經

世尊告諸比丘：三十法成就者，如鐵鉾鑽水，身壞命終，下生惡趣泥犁中。何等為三十法？謂自手殺生，教人令殺，讚歎殺生；……乃至自行邪見，復以邪見教人令行，常復讚歎行邪見者，是名三十法。如鐵鉾鑽水，身壞命終，下生惡趣泥犁中。有三十法成就者，如鐵鉾鑽空，身壞命終，上生天上。何等為三十法？謂自不殺生，教人不殺，常復讚歎不殺功德；……乃至自行正見，復以正見教人令行，常復讚歎正見功德，是名三十法成就。如鐵鉾鑽空，身壞命終，上生天上。

4.7.惡業-自、勸他、隨喜、讚歎

成就四十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。何等四十？謂自不離殺，勸他令殺，見不離殺歡喜、慰喻，稱揚、讚歎殺生者事；廣說乃至自起邪見，亦復勸他令起邪見，見起邪見歡喜、慰喻，稱揚、讚歎邪見者事。若有成就此四十法，身壞命終，墮險惡趣，生地獄中。

catvāriṃśatā dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvan narakeṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātiko bhavati / parān api prāṇātipāte samādāpayati prāṇātipātikaṃ ca (DhskD 19r8) dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati prāṇātipātasya ca varṇaṃ bhāṣate / ātmanā adattādāyiko yāvan mithyādṛṣṭeś ca varṇaṃ bhāṣate / ebhiś catvāriṃśatā dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedād yāvan narakeṣūpapadyate //

4.8.善業-自、勸他、隨喜、讚歎

成就四十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。何等四十？謂自離殺生，勸他離殺，見餘離殺歡喜慰喻，稱揚讚歎離殺者事；廣說乃至自起正見，亦復勸他令起正見，見起正見歡喜慰喻，稱揚讚歎正見者事。若有成就此四十法，身壞命終，升安善趣，生於天中。

(DhskD 19v4) catvāriṃśatā dharmais samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya bhedāt sugatau svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate / ātmanā prāṇātipātāt prativirato bhavati / parān api prāṇātipātaviratau samādāpayati / prāṇātipātavirataṃ (DhskD 19v5) ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati prāṇātipātavirateś ca varṇaṃ bhāṣate / ātmanā adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt* paiśunyāt pāruṣyāt saṃbhinnapralāpāt prativirato bhavaty / anabhidhyālur avyāpannacittaḥ (DhskD 19v6) samyagdṛṣṭiko bhavati / parān api samyagdṛṣṭau samādāpayati / samyagdṛṣṭikaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā sumanojño bhavati samyagdṛṣṭeś ca varṇaṃ bhāṣate / ebhiś catvāriṃśatā dharmaiḥ samanvāgata upāsakaḥ kāyasya (DhskD 19v7) bhedāt sugatau svargaloke deveṣūpapadyate /

參考：雜阿含1059經

世尊告諸比丘：有四十法成就，如鐵槍投水，身壞命終，下生惡趣泥犁中。何等為四十法？謂手自殺生，教人令殺，讚歎殺生，見人殺生心隨歡喜；……乃至自行邪見，教人令行，讚歎邪見，見行邪見心隨歡喜，是名四十法成就。如鐵槍投水，身壞命終，下生惡趣泥犁中。有四十法成就，如鐵槍鑽空，身壞命終，上生天上。何等為四十？謂不殺生，教人不殺，口常讚歎不殺功德，見不殺者心隨歡喜；……乃至自行正見，教人令行，亦常讚歎正見功德，見人行者心隨歡喜，是名四十法成就。如鐵槍鑽空，身壞命終，上生天上。

5.詳解五學處

鄔波索迦有五學處。何等為五？

乃至命終，遠離殺生，是名第一。

乃至命終，離不與取，是名第二。

乃至命終，離欲邪行，是名第三。

乃至命終，離虛誑語，是名第四。

乃至命終，離飲諸酒諸放逸處，是名第五。

17. (pañcopāsakasya śikṣāpadāni)

paṃcopāsakasya śikṣāpadāni / yāvajjīvaṃ prāṇātipātād viratir upāsakasya śikṣāpadaṃ / yāvajjīvam adattādānāt kāmamithyācārān mṛṣāvādāt (DhskD 19v8) surāmaireyamadyapramādasthānād vairamaṇir upāsakasya śikṣāpadaṃ // //

5.1.殺生

於第一中，具何名為能殺生者？如世尊說：有殺生者，暴惡、血手，耽著殺害。於諸有情眾生、勝類，無羞、無愍，下至捃多比畢洛迦，皆不離殺。如是名為能殺生者。

evaṃ hy uktaṃ bhagavatā / prāṇātipātī khalv ihaiko bhavati raudro rudhirapāṇiḥ hataprahataniviṣṭaḥ alajjī adayāvān sarva-satva-prāṇi-bhūteṣv (DhskD 19v10) antataḥ kuntapipīlakam api prāṇātipātād aprativirato bhavati / ayam ucyate prāṇātipātikaḥ /

1)何等名為有殺生者？

謂於殺生不深厭患，不遠，不離，安住，成就。如是名為有殺生者。

prāṇātipātī khalv ihaiko bhavatīti ātmā prāṇātipātād (DhskD 20r4) anārato bhavatīty aprativiratas tatatrasthas tena samanvāgatas / tenāha / prāṇātipātī khalv ihaiko bhavati /

2)何名暴惡？謂集種種弓、刀、杖等諸殺害具，是名暴惡。

raudra iti / raudratā katamā / āha / yat tad ācīrṇadaṇḍatācīrṇaśastratācīrṇapraharaṇatā iyam ucyate raudratā / (DhskD 20r5) tenāha / raudratā iti /

3)何名血手？謂諸屠羊、屠雞、屠豬、捕鳥、捕魚、獵師、劫盜、魁膾、縛龍、守獄、煮狗、施罝弶等，是名血手。何故此等名為血手？謂彼雖數沐浴、塗香、服鮮淨衣、首冠花鬘、身飾嚴具，而名血手。所以者何？彼於惡事不深厭患，不遠，不離，令有情血起、等起、生、等生、積集、流出，故名血手。

rudhirapāṇir iti rudhirapāṇaya ucyante aurabhrikāḥ kaukkuṭikasaukarikamātsikamṛga-lubdhakāś caurāḥ vadhyaghātakā goghātakā nāgamaṇḍalikāḥ śaśavāgurikā bandhana-pālakāḥ (DhskD 20r6) sūcakāḥ kāraṇakārakā ima ucyante rudhirapāṇayaḥ / kenaita ucyante rudhirapāṇayaḥ / āha / kiṃ cāpi ye susnātā bhavanti suviliptāḥ kalpitakeśana-khāvadātavastraprāvṛtāḥ (DhskD 20r7) āmuktamālyābharaṇā atha ca punas te rudhirapāṇaya evocyante / kiṃ kāraṇam / āha / yasmāt te anāratā aviratā aprativiratās tasya rudhirasyotthāpanāya jananāya saṃjananāya samutpādāya (DhskD 20r8) prāviṣkaraṇāya / tena kāraṇena rudhirapāṇaya ucyante //

4)何等名為耽著殺害？謂於眾生有害非殺，有害亦殺。

4.1)害非殺者，謂以種種弓、刀、杖等諸殺害具，逼惱眾生，未全斷命，如是名為有害非殺。

4.2)害亦殺者，謂以種種弓、刀、杖等諸殺害具，逼惱眾生，亦全斷命，如是名為有害亦殺。於殺害事，耽樂執著。如是名為耽著殺害。

hataprahataniviṣṭā iti syāt prāṇī prahato na hataḥ / syād dhato na prahataḥ / syād dhataś ca prahataś ca / prahatas tāvan na hataḥ / yathā tāvat prāṇī ākoṭito bhavati (DhskD 20r9) pāṇinā vā loṣṭena vā daṇḍena vā śastreṇa vā anyatamānyatamena vā vividhena praharaṇena / na tu sarveṇa sarvaṃ jīvitād vyaparopito bhavati / evaṃ prāṇī hato bhavati na hataś ca / yathā tāvat prāṇī (DhskD 20r10) ākoṭito bhavati pāṇinā vā loṣṭena vā daṇḍena vā śastreṇa vā anyatamānyatamena vā vividhena praharaṇena sarveṇa vā sarvaṃ prāṇī jīvitād vyaparopito bhavati / evaṃ hataś ca bhavati prahataś ca / (DhskD 20v1) api hataprahataniviṣṭaś ca bhavati sanniviṣṭaś cāniviṣṭaś ca / tenāha / hataprahataniviṣṭa iti //

5)何等名為於諸有情眾生、勝類無羞、無愍？

alajjī adayāvān sarvasatvaprāṇibhūteṣv iti / tatra katame prāṇāḥ / katame bhūtāḥ / yad ucyate alajjī adayāvān sarvasatvaprāṇibhūteṣv (DhskD 20v2) ity / āha /

且辯眾生、勝類差別，謂諸異生，說名眾生。世尊弟子，說名勝類。

pṛthagjanāḥ prāṇāḥ bhagavataḥ śrāvakā bhūtāḥ /

諸有情有貪、瞋、癡，說名眾生。若諸有情離貪、瞋、癡，說名勝類。

api khalu ye satvāḥ sarāgāḥ sadveṣāḥ samohā ima ucyante bhūtāḥ / api khalu ye satvā vigatarāgā vigatadveṣā vigatamohā ima ucyante bhūtāḥ /

諸有情有愛、有取，說名眾生。若諸有情離愛、離取，說名勝類。

api khalu ye satvāḥ (DhskD 20v3) satṛṣṇā sopādānā ima ucyante prāṇāḥ / ye satvā nistṛṣṇā nirupādānā ima ucyante bhūtāḥ /

諸有情有順、無違，說名眾生。若諸有情無順、有違，說名勝類。

api khalu ye satvā āniruddhāḥ prativiruddhā ima ucyante prāṇāḥ / ye satvā anāniruddhāḥ aprativiruddhā ima ucyante bhūtā /

又諸有情無聰慧、有無明，說名眾生。若諸有情聰慧、有明，說名勝類。

api khalu (DhskD 20v4) ye satvā aviduṣo 'vidyāgatā ima ucyante prāṇāḥ / ye satvā viduṣo vidyāgatā ima ucyante bhūtāḥ /

諸有情未離欲貪，說名眾生。若諸有情已離欲貪，說名勝類。

api khalu ye satvāḥ kāmebhyo 'vītarāgāḥ ima ucyante prāṇāḥ / ye satvāḥ kāmebhyo vītarāgā ima ucyante bhūtāḥ / (DhskD 20v5)

又諸有情已離欲貪，非佛弟子，說名眾生。若諸有情已離欲貪，是佛弟子，說名勝類。

api khalu ye satvāḥ kāmebhyo vītarāgā na tu bhagavataḥ śrāvakā ima ucyante prāṇāḥ / ye satvā kāmebhyo vītarāgās te bhagavataḥ śrāvakā ima ucyante bhūtāḥ /

今此義中，若諸異生，說名眾生。世尊弟子，說名勝類。所以者何？勝謂涅槃，彼能獲得、成就、觸證，故名勝類。

asmiṃs tv arthe pṛthagjanāḥ prāṇāḥ bhagavataḥ (DhskD 20v6) śrāvakā bhūtāḥ / kiṃ kāraṇaṃ bhavanam ucyate nirvāṇaṃ / tat taiḥ prāptaṃ pratilabdham adhigataṃ spṛṣṭaṃ sākṣātkṛtaṃ /

如頌言：普隨順世間，周遍歷方邑，欲求於勝我，無所證無依。

yathā cāha / samantānusārī lokaṃ diśaḥ sarvam īritaḥ /

icched bhavanam ātmānaṃ nādhigacched aniśritaṃ (DhskD 20v7) //

故此義中，若諸異生，說名眾生；世尊弟子，說名勝類。於此有情眾生、勝類，應羞，應愍。而於其中，無慚、無羞、無愧、無恥、無哀、無愍、無傷、無念。如是名為於諸有情眾生、勝類，無羞、無愍。

tad asminn arthe pṛthagjanāḥ prāṇāḥ bhagavataḥ śrāvakā bhūtāḥ tad eṣāṃ prāṇabhūtānām adayāya pratipanno bhavaty ananudayāyā nānukaṃpāya //

6)何等名為下至捃多、比畢洛迦，皆不離殺？

言捃多者，謂蚊、蚋等諸小蟲類。比畢洛迦即諸蟻子。下至此類微碎眾生，皆起惡心，欲興殺害，是故名為能殺生者。

śokāṣṭahārakāḥ kuntā ucyante (DhskD 20v8) pipīlakāḥ / pipīlakā eva /

7)即於此中，何名為生？何名殺生？何等名為遠離殺生，而說名為乃至命終，遠離殺生鄔波索迦第一學處？

yāvajjīvaṃ prāṇātipātād viratir upāsakasya śikṣāpadam iti / tatra kataraḥ prāṇātipātaḥ / kataraḥ prāṇī / katamā prāṇātipātād vairamaṇiḥ (DhskD 19v9) / yad ucyate prāṇātipātād vairamaṇir upāsakasya śikṣāpadam ity āha /

7.1)所言生者，謂諸眾生、有眾生想；若諸有情、有有情想；若諸命者、有命者想；若諸養育、有養育想；若補特伽羅、有補特伽羅想。是名為生。

prāṇī katamaḥ / yasmin prāṇini prāṇisaṃjñī jīve jīvasaṃjñī satve satvasaṃjñī poṣe poṣasaṃjñī (DhskD 20r1) pudgale pudgalasaṃjñī ayam ucyate prāṇī //

7.2)言殺生者，謂於眾生起眾生想，於諸有情起有情想，於諸命者起命者想，於諸養育起養育想，於補特伽羅起補特伽羅想。復起惡心、不善心、損心、害心、殺心現前。依如是業、如是加行、如是思惟、如是策勵、如是勇猛，殺害眾生，故思斷命。由如是業、如是加行、如是思惟、如是策勵、如是勇猛，殺害眾生，故思斷命，名為殺生。

prāṇātipātaḥ katamaḥ / āha / yasmin prāṇini prāṇisaṃjñinaḥ satve satvasaṃjñinaḥ poṣe poṣasaṃjñinaḥ pudgale pudgalasaṃjñinaḥ yat parākramam āgamya yat pāpacittam akuśalacittaṃ (DhskD 20r2) vadhakacittaṃ hananacittaṃ māraṇacittaṃ ca pratyupasthitaṃ bhavati / tatra yat karmāgamya yat prayogam āgamya yām ūhām āgamya yad upakramam āgamya prāṇino hananaṃ māraṇaṃ saṃcintya jīvitād vyaparopaṇam iti / (DhskD 20r3) yat tat karma yo 'sau prayogaḥ yā sā ūhā yad upakramaṃ yat tat prāṇino hananaṃ māraṇaṃ saṃcintya jīvitād vyaparopaṇaṃ ayaṃ ucyate prāṇātipātaḥ //

7.3)即前所說鄔波索迦，於此殺生能善思擇、厭患、遠離、止息、防護、不作、不為、不行、不犯、棄捨、堰塞、不拒、不逆、不違、不越，如是名為遠離殺生，是故說名乃至命終遠離殺生鄔波索迦第一學處。

asmāt prāṇātipātād upāsakaḥ pratisaṃkhyāyārato bhavaty upadrutarataḥ prativirataḥ saṃvṛtaś ca / yatra yā akriyā akaraṇam anabhidhyācāro 'nadhyāpattir anadhyāpadanaṃ (DhskD 20v9) velā setuḥ vairamaṇī sthitir anatikramo 'vyatikramo 'vyatikramaṇatā / tenāha / yāvajjīvaṃ prāṇātipātād vairamaṇīr upāsakasya śikṣāpadam iti // * //

5.2.不與取者

於第二中。且何名為不與取者？如世尊說：有不與取者，或城邑中，或阿練若，不與物數，劫盜心取，不離劫盜。如是名為不與取者。

yāvajjīvam adattādānād vairamaṇīr upāsakasya (DhskD 20v10) śikṣāpadam iti / adattādānaṃ katamat / evaṃ hy uktaṃ bhagavatā / adattādāyī khalv ihaiko bhavati / sa grāmagatam araṇyagataṃ vā pareṣām adattaṃ steyasaṃkhyātam ādatte / idam ucyate adattādānaṃ /

1)何等名為有不與取者？謂於不與取，不深厭患、不遠、不離、安住、成就。如是名為有不與取者。

adattādāyī bhavatīty asmād adattādānād anārato bhavaty avirato 'prativirataḥ tatrastha- ///

2)何等名為或城邑中？謂有城牆周匝圍遶。

DhskM 21r5. -taṃ vety antaragataḥ prākārasya /

3)何等名為或阿練若？謂無城牆周匝圍遶。

araṇyagataṃ veti bahiḥ prakārasya /

4)何名不與？謂他攝受，不捨、不棄、不惠、不施。

adattam iti paraparigṛhītaṃ stenam ādatte ti paraparigṛhītam adattam ādatte atyantam amuktam aniḥsṛṣṭam apratiniḥsṛṣṭam api khalu steyam ucyate paracitto 'pahārakaḥ tena .. ///

5)何等名物？謂他攝受，有情、無情諸資生具，即此名為不與物數。

6)何等名為劫盜心取，不離劫盜？謂即所說不與物數，懷賊心取，不厭、遠離。如是名為不與物數劫盜心取，不離劫盜。是故名為不與取者。

DhskM 21r6. -sṛṣṭam apratiniḥsṛṣṭam api khalu yat paraparigṛhītaṃ pariṣkāram adattam api tat* stainyam api tat* saṃkhyātam api tat* tad ucyate adattastainyaṃ saṃkhyātam ādatte // adattādānāt prativirato bhavatīty asmād adattādānād upāsakasya + + + y. ///

7)即於此中，何名不與？何名不與取？何名離不與取而說名為乃至命終離不與取鄔波索迦第二學處？

DhskM 21r1. adattādānaṃ / yāvajjīvam adattādānād vairamaṇir upāsakasya śikṣāpadam iti tatra katarad adattaṃ katarad adattādānaṃ katamā adattādānād vairamaṇiḥ yā ucyate yāvajjīvam adattādānād vairamaṇir upāsakasya śikṣāpadam iti adattaṃ .. ///

7.1)言不與者，謂他攝受有情、無情諸資生具，不捨、不棄、不惠、不施，是名不與。

7.2)不與取者，謂於他攝受諸資生具，起他攝受，及不與想。復起惡心、不善心、劫心、盜心、執心、著心、取心現前。

DhskM 21r2. -te adattaṃ / adattādānaṃ katamat* āha paraparigṛhīte pariṣkāre paraparigṛhītasaṃjñino yat pāpacittaṃ cākuśalacittaṃ ca haraṇacittaṃ cāpaharaṇacittaṃ codgrahaṇacittaṃ ca grahaṇacittaṃ cādānacittam āsādīyanacittaṃ ca pratyupasthitaṃ bhavati tatra yat. ///

依如是業、如是加行、如是思惟、如是策勵、如是勇猛、如是門、如是路，於他攝受諸資生具，以執著取，劫盜故思，舉離本處。

DhskM 21r3. -pahāram āgamya paraparigṛhīte pariṣkāre paraparigṛhītasaṃjñinaḥ yad grahaṇam udgrahaṇam ādīyanāsādīyanā haraṇāpaharaṇā saṃcintya sthānāt sthānasaṃkrāmaṇam iti yat tat karma yat prayogaṃ yā sā ūhā yad upakramaṃ yat parākramaṃ yat tad vā .. ///

由如是業、如是加行、如是思惟、如是策勵、如是勇猛、如是門、如是路，於他攝受諸資生具，以執著取，劫盜故思，舉離本處，名不與取。

DhskM 21r4. yat tat paraparigṛhīte pariṣkāre paraparigṛhītasaṃjñino grahaṇam udgrahaṇam ādīyanāsādīyanā saṃcintya sthānāt sthānasaṃkramaṇam idam ucyate adattādānaṃ /

7.3)即前所說鄔波索迦，於不與取能善思擇、厭患、遠離、止息、防護、不作、不為、不行、不犯、棄捨、堰塞、不拒、不逆、不違、不越，如是名為離不與取。是故說名乃至命終離不與取鄔波索迦第二學處。

DhskM 21r7. -saṃkhyātaḥ saṃvṛtaḥ tatra yā akriyā akaraṇam anadhyācāro 'nadhyāpattir anadhyāpadanam* velā setur vairamaṇī sthitir anatikramo 'vyatikramo 'vyatikramaṇatā tad ucyate yāvajjīvam adattādānād vairamaṇir upāsakasya ///

5.3.欲邪行者

於第三中，且何名為欲邪行者？如世尊說：有欲邪行者，於他女婦、他所攝受，謂彼父母、兄弟、姊妹、舅姑、親眷、宗族守護，有罰，有障，有障罰俱，下至授擲花鬘等信。於是等類，起欲煩惱，招誘，強抑，共為邪行，不離邪行。如是名為欲邪行者。

DhskM 21r8. -mithyācārād vairamaṇir upāsakasya śikṣāpadam iti kāmamithyācāraḥ katamaḥ / evaṃ hy uktaṃ bhagavatā kāmamithyācārī khalv ihaiko bhavati sa yās tā bhavanti parastriyaḥ parabhāryās tadyathā mātṛrakṣitā vā pitṛrākṣitā vā ///

DhskM 21r9. śvaśrūrakṣitā vā śvaśurarakṣitā vā jñātirakṣitā vā jātirakṣitā vā gotrarakṣitā vā sadaṇḍāḥ / sāvaraṇāḥ sadaṇḍāvaraṇā antato mālāguṇaparikṣiptā / api tadrūpāsu sahasā balenānupraskandya kāmeṣu cāritram āpadyaty ayam ucyate ///

1)何等名為有欲邪行者？謂於欲邪行，不深厭患，不遠、不離、安住、成就。如是名為有欲邪行者。

DhskM 21r10. khalv ihaiko bhavatīty asmāt kāmamithyācārād anārato bhavaty anuparato 'virato 'prativirataḥ tad ucyate kāmamithyācārī khalu bhavatīti //

2)他女婦者，謂七種婦。何等為七？一授水婦、二財貨婦、三軍掠婦、四意樂婦、五衣食婦、六同活婦、七須臾婦。

yās tā bhavanti parastriyo parabhāryā iti sapta puruṣasya bhāryāḥ / katamā sapta tadyathā ///

DhskM 21r11. paṭavāsinī samajīvikā tatkṣaṇikā ca /

2.1)授水婦者，謂女父母授水與男，以女妻之，為彼家主，名授水婦。

udakadattā katamā yā strī kumārikā vā puruṣasya mātāpitṛbhyām udakenānupradattā bhavati iyaṃ te bhāryā bhaviṣyati prajāpatī iyam ucyate udakadattā //

2.2)財貨婦者，謂諸丈夫以少多財，貿易他女，將為己婦，名財貨婦。

dhanakrītā katamā ///

DhskM 21r12. -nakrītā bhavati iyaṃ me bhāryā bhaviṣyati prajāpatī sā tasya bhāryā bhavati prajāpatī iyam ucyate dhanakrītā /

2.3)軍掠婦者，謂有丈夫因伐他國，抄掠他女，將為己婦。復有國王，因破敵國，取所欲已，餘皆捨棄，有諸丈夫力攝他女，將為己婦，如是等類，名軍掠婦。

dhvajāhṛtā yathā tāvac caurāḥ pararāṣṭraṃ paraviṣayaṃ gatvā svaṃ śirodhvajaṃ kṛtvā striyaṃ kumārikāṃ vāharanti ///DhskM 21r13. -mi dhvajāhṛtā yathā tāvad rājā ajitaṃ jayaṃ jitam adhyāvasan yathā gṛhītikām utsṛjati / tatra puruṣo rājñaḥ śirodhvajaṃ kṛtvā striyaṃ kumārikāṃ vāharati iyaṃ me bhāryā bhaviṣyati prajāpatī sa tasya bhāryā ///

2.4)意樂婦者，謂有女人於男子家，自信愛樂，願住為婦，名意樂婦。

DhskM 21v1. cchandavāsinī katamā yā strī svayā śraddhayā svena premṇā svena prasādena puruṣam upasaṃkramyaivam āha / āryaputro me svāmī bhavaty aham āryaputrasya bhāryā bhaviṣyāmi / prajāpatī iyam ucyate cchandavāsinī /

2.5)衣食婦者，謂有女人於男子家，為衣食故，願住為婦，名衣食婦。

Paṭavāsinī /// DhskM 21v2. -pasaṃkramyaivam āha āryaputro me bhaktācchādanam anuprayacchatv ahaṃ āryaputrasya bhāryā bhaviṣyāmi prajāpatī iyam ucyate paṭavāsinī /

2.6)同活婦者，謂有女人詣男子家，謂男子曰：我持此身，願相付託，彼此所有共為無二，互相存濟，以盡餘年，冀有子孫，歿後承祭，名同活婦。

samajīvikā katamā / yā strī puruṣam upasaṃkramyaivam āha ///

DhskM 21v3. dhanaṃ tad ekadhye sannicayaṃ gacchatu ye cāsmākaṃ krīḍatāṃ ramatāṃ paricārayatāṃ putrā bhaviṣyanti pautrā vā te 'smākaṃ mṛtānāṃ kālagatānāṃ śrāddham anupradāsyanti sā tasya bhāryā bhavati prajāpatī ///

2.7)須臾婦者，謂有女人樂與男子，暫時為婦，名須臾婦。

3)他攝受中，

3.1)母守護者，謂有女人其父或狂，或復心亂，或憂苦逼，或已出家，或遠逃逝，或復命終，其母孤養、防守、遮護，私誡女言：諸有所作，必先白我，然可得為，名母守護。

DhskM 21v4. .. .. .ikī // mātṛrakṣiteti yasyā striyāḥ kumārikāyā vā pitā svāmī vā unmatto bhavati kṣiptacittaḥ pararāṣṭraṃ paraviṣayaṃ vā niṣpalāno bhavati sā mātur antike prativasati sa mātṛ ///

DhskM 21v5. gopitā sugopitā mātrapare apratisaṃviditaṃ kāmeṣu cāritram āpatsyanta iti iyam ucyate mātṛrakṣitā /

3.2)父守護者，謂有女人其母或狂，或復心亂，廣說乃至，或復命終，其父孤養、防守、遮護，私誡如前，名父求護。

yathā mātṛrakṣitā evaṃ pitṛrakṣitā //

3.3)兄弟守護者，謂有女人父母或狂，或復心亂，廣說乃至，或復命終，兄弟孤養、防守、遮護，私勸誡言：諸有所作，必先告白，然可得為，名兄弟守護。

bhrātṛrakṣitā katamā / yasya striyāḥ ///

DhskM 21v6. mātāpitarau svāmī vā mṛto bhavati kālagataḥ unmatto vā bhavati kṣiptacittaḥ pararāṣṭraṃ paraviṣayaṃ niṣpalāno bhavati sā bhrātur antike prativasati sā bhrātrā rakṣitā ///

DhskM 21v7. sugopitā mātrapare apratisaṃviditaṃ kāmeṣu cāritram āpatsyanta iti iyam ucyate bhrātṛrakṣitā /

3.4)姊妹守護者，謂有女人父母或狂，或復心亂，廣說乃至，或復命終。，姊妹孤養、防守、遮護，勸誡如前，名姊妹守護。

yathā bhrātṛrakṣitā evaṃ bhaginīrakṣitā //

3.5)舅姑守護者，謂有女人其夫或狂，或復心亂，廣說乃至，或復命終，依舅姑居，舅姑喻曰：爾勿愁惱，宜以自安，衣食之資悉以相給，我當憂念，如子不殊；舅姑恩恤、防守、遮護，私誡之言：諸有所作，必先諮白，然可得為，名舅姑守護。

śvaśrūrakṣitā katamā + + ///

DhskM 21v8. p.ā mātāpitarau svāmī vā mṛto bhavati kālagata unmatto vā bhavati kṣiptacittaḥ pararāṣṭraṃ paraviṣayaṃ vā niṣpalāno bhavati sā śvaśrvā antike prativasati vasava- ///

DhskM 21v9. trasya sā śvaśrvā rakṣitā bhavati surakṣitā gopitā sugopitā mātrapare apratisaṃviditaṃ kāmeṣu cāritram āpatsyanta iti iyam ucyate śvaśrūrakṣitā // yathā śvaśrūrakṣitā ///

3.6)親眷守護者，謂有女人除母及夫，餘異姓親，名為親眷。而此女人為彼親眷防守、遮護，名親眷守護。

DhskM 21v10. jñātirakṣitā katamā / jñātaya ucyante yāvad ā saptamaṃ mātāmahaṃ pitāmahaṃ yugam upādāya yasyā striyaḥ kumārikāyā vā pūrvavat* // jātirakṣitā katamā / jātaya ucyante ///

DhskM 22r1. vaiśyāḥ śūdrāḥ yasyā striyāḥ kumārikāyā vā pūrvavat* //

3.7)宗族守護者，謂有女人除父兄等，餘同姓親，名為宗族。而此女人為彼宗族防守、遮護，名宗族守護。

gotrarakṣitā katamā / gotrā ucyante kautsā vātsāś śāṇḍilyā bhāradvājā upapaṃcakāḥ yasyā striyāḥ kumārikāyā vā mātā ///

DhskM 22r2. kālagataḥ unmattaḥ kṣiptacittaḥ vedanābhitunno vā pararāṣṭraṃ paraviṣayaṃ vā niṣpalāno bhavati sā gotrāṇām antike prativasati gotrai rakṣitā bhavati surakṣitā gopitā ///

DhskM 22r3. apratisaṃviditaṃ kāmeṣu cāritram āpatsyanta iti iyam ucyate gotrarakṣitā //

4)言有罰者，謂有女人自無眷屬，又非婬女。若有凌逼，為王所知。或殺，或縛，或復驅擯，或奪資財，名為有罰。

sadaṇḍā iti yā sā bhavati gūḍhikā na evaṃ yathā veśī nāpy evaṃ yathā kulastrī saced enaṃ rājā jānīyāt tāṃ + ///

DhskM 22r4. -dhnīyād vā pravāsayed vā hiraṇyadaṇḍaṃ vānupradāpayed iyaṃ ucyate sadaṇḍāḥ /

5)言有障者，謂有女人身居卑賤，雖無親族，而有主礙，名為有障。

sāvaraṇā iti yathā tāvad āryeṇa vā āryaputreṇa vā āvṛtā bhavaty api khalu yā etāḥ pa + + ///

6)有障罰俱者，謂有女人自無眷屬，又非卑賤，依恃他居，為他所礙。若有款逼所依恃者，便為加罰，名障罰俱。又上所說一切女人，隨所依止，皆有障罰。所以者何？由諸女人，法有拘礙，非禮行者便遭殺、縛，或奪資財，或被退毀，是故一切名障罰俱。

DhskM 22r5. -varaṇāḥ sadaṇḍāvaraṇāḥ kiṃ kāraṇam atonidānaṃ hi puruṣo 'dhigacchati vadhaṃ vā bandhanaṃ vā jyāniṃ vā grahaṇaṃ vā //

7)何等名為下至授擲花鬘等信？

謂有女人已受男子或花、或鬘、或諸瓔珞、或塗香末香、或隨一信物，如是名為下至授擲花鬘等信。

antato mālāguṇaparikṣiptā apīti yathā tāva- ///

DhskM 22r6. kaṇṭheguṇena vā candanacūrṇena vā vilepanapuṭena vā anyatamānyatamena vā kenacit pratigṛhītā bhavati iyam ucyate mālāguṇaparikṣiptā // api khalu sarv. + ///

8)何等名為於是等類？謂諸男子、諸半擇迦、諸修梵行。

何等名為修梵行者？謂諸苾芻尼、正學勤策女、及鄔波索迦、出家外道女、下至在家脩苦行女。謂有男子捨自妻媵，告言：善賢！放汝自在，脩諸梵行。彼聞受持，苦行無怠。

DhskM 22r7. -riṇī bhikṣuṇikā carikā parivrājikā vratapadadharmajīvinī yathā tāvat puruṣaḥ svāṃ prajāpatīm anujānīte gaccha bhadre cara brahmacaraṃs (sic) tasyā tena vratasamādā .. ///

9)何等名為起欲煩惱廣說乃至不離邪行？謂起欲界婬貪現前，於不應行，招誘、強抑共為邪行，不厭、遠離，如是名為起欲煩惱廣說乃至不離邪行，是故名為欲邪行者。

10)即於此中，何等名欲？何名欲邪行？何名離欲邪行，而說名為乃至命終離欲邪行鄔波索迦第三學處？

10.1)所言欲者，謂是婬貪或所貪境。

10.2)欲邪行者，謂於上說，所不應行，而暫交會，下至自妻，非分、非禮、及非時處，皆名欲邪行。

DhskM 22r8. -ya saṃsparśaṃ samāpadyate dvayadvayasamāpattiṃ vāpadyate kāmamithyācārāṃ svaṃ vā punar pāram anaṅge vijñapayann āpadyate kāmamithyācāraṃ / asmāt kāmamithyācārā ///

10.3)即前所說鄔波索迦，於欲邪行能善思擇、厭患、遠離、止息、防護、不作、不為、不行、不犯、棄捨、堰塞、不拒、不逆、不違、不越，如是名為離欲邪行，是故說名乃至命終離欲邪行鄔波索迦第三學處。

DhskM 22r9. bhavaty uparato virataḥ saṃvṛtaḥ tatra yā akriyā akaraṇam anācāro 'nadhyāpattir anadhyāpadanaṃ velā setur vairamaṇī sthitir anatikramo 'vyatikramaṇatā tad ya ///

DhskM 22r10. -mithyācārād vairamaṇiḥ śikṣāpadam iti // ṛ //

5.4.虛誑語者

於第四中，且何名為虛誑語者？如世尊說：有虛誑語者，或對平正，或對大眾，或對王家，或對執理，或對親族，同檢問言：咄哉！男子！汝知當說，不知勿說；汝見當說，不見勿說；彼得問已，不知言知，知言不知，見言不見，不見言見，彼或為己，或復為他，或為名利，故以正知，說虛誑語，不離虛誑，如是名為虛誑語者。

yāvajjīvaṃ mṛṣāvādād vairamaṇir upāsakasya śikṣāpadam iti mṛṣāvādaḥ katamaḥ evaṃ hy uktaṃ bhagavatā ///

DhskM 22v1. sa sabhāgato vā parṣanmadhyagato vā rājakulamadhyagato vā yuktakulamadhyagato vā jñātikulamadhyagato vā sākṣīpṛṣṭaḥ san haṃ bhoḥ puruṣa yaj jānīṣe tad vada yan na jānīṣe tan mā vocaḥ ///

DhskM 22v2. tan mā vocaḥ so 'jānaka eva saṃjānāmīty āha / apaśyaka eva saṃpaśyāmīty āha / jānann ena san na jānāmīty āha paśyann eva san* na paśyāmīty āha ity ātmaheto paraheto āmiṣakiṃcitka ///

1)何等名為有虛誑語者？謂於虛誑語，不深厭患、不遠、不離、安住、成就，如是名為有虛誑語者。

DhskM 22v3. mṛṣāvādād aprativirato bhavatīty asmān mṛṣāvādād anārato bhavaty anuparataḥ avirato 'prativirataḥ tatrasthas tena samanvāgataḥ tenāha mṛṣāvādī khalu bhavatīti /

2)何等名為或對平正？平正有三：一村平正、二城平正、三國平正。此諸平正聚集現前，同檢問時，名下平正。

sabhāgato veti ///

DhskM 22v4. -bhā rāṣṭrasabhā ca / tatrāsau gataś ca bhavati samāgataś ca / samavahitaḥ saṃmukhībhūtaḥ tenāha sabhāgata iti //

3)何等名為或對大眾？大眾有四：一剎帝利眾、二婆羅門眾、三居士眾、四沙門眾。此諸大眾聚集現前，同檢問時，名對大眾。

parṣadgato veti catasraḥ parṣadaḥ tadyathā kṣatriyaparṣad brāhmaṇa ///

DhskM 22v5. -rṣat tatrāsau gataś ca bhavati samāgataś ca samavahitaḥ saṃmukhībhūtaḥ tenāha parṣadgata iti //

4)何等名為或對王家？謂諸國王及餘宰輔、理公務者，彼若聚集現前檢問，名對王家。

rājakulamadhyagato veti āha rājāmātyapariṣat sanniṣaṇṇā bhavati /// DhskM 22v6. -ti samāgataś ca samavahitaḥ saṃmukhībhūtaḥ tenāha rājakulamadhyagata iti //

5)何等名為或對執理？謂閑法律，固正斷者，此執理眾聚集現前同檢問時，名對執理。

yuktakulamadhyagato veti yuktaparṣat sanniṣaṇṇā bhavati sannipatitā tatrāsau ///

DhskM 22v7. -hitaḥ saṃmukhībhūtaḥ tenāha yuktakulamadhyagata iti //

6)何等名為或對親族？謂諸親族聚集現前同檢問時，名對親族。

jñātikulamadhyagato veti āha jñātayaḥ sanniṣaṇṇā bhavanti sannipatitā tatrāsau gataś ca bhavati /// DhskM 22v8. saṃmukhībhūtaḥ tenāha jñātikulamadhyagata iti //

7)何等名為同檢問等？謂或為證、或究其身，眾集量宜，同檢問曰：咄哉！男子！今對眾前，應以誠言具款情實。若於是事見、聞、覺、知，宜當宣說、施設、摽示。若於是事無見、聞等，勿當宣說、施設、摽示。如是名為同檢問等。

sākṣīpṛṣṭaḥ sann iti sākṣī adhīṣṭaḥ sann āsādito vā nipātitaḥ / haṃ bho puruṣa iti upaihi upagaccha yatne .. ///

DhskM 22v9. -ya prajñapaya prasthāpaya prakāśaya yatne na dṛṣṭaṃ na śrutaṃ na mataṃ na vijñātaṃ taṃ mā vakṣva mā deśaya mā prajñapaya mā prasthāpaya mā prakāśaya / so 'jānann eva saṃjā + ///

8)何等名為不知言知？謂為耳識曾受，曾了，名為已聞。彼無耳識曾受，曾了，隱藏如是想、忍、見，樂言：我已聞。如是名為不知言知。

DhskM 22v10. -mīty āha / śrotravijñānānubhūtaṃ śrotravijñānaprativijñaptaṃ sa vinidhāya saṃjñāṃ vinidhāya kṣāntiṃ ruciṃ matiṃ prekṣāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ na me śrutam ity āha / evam ajānann eva sañjānāmīty āha ///

9)何等名為知言不知？謂為耳識曾受，曾了，名為已聞。彼有耳識曾受，曾了，隱藏如是想、忍、見，樂言：我不聞。如是名為知言不知。

10)何等名為不見言見？謂為眼識曾受，曾了，名為已見。彼無眼識曾受，曾了，隱藏如是想、忍、見，樂言：我已見。如是名為不見言見。

11)何等名為見言不見？謂為眼識曾受，曾了，名為已見。彼有眼識曾受，曾了，隱覆如是想、忍、見，樂言：我不見。如是名為見言不見。

12)何等名為彼或為己？謂有一類身行劫盜，王等執問：汝為賊不？彼得問已，竊自思惟：若實答者，必為王等或殺或縛、或復驅擯、或奪資財。我今宜應自隱、自覆、自藏實事。故以正知說虛誑語。既思惟已，答王等言：我實不為不與取事，是名為己。

13)何等名為或復為他？謂有一類親族、知友行於劫盜，王等為證，執問彼言：汝知此人行劫盜不？彼得問已，竊自思惟：若實答者，我諸親友必為王等或殺、或縛、或復驅擯、或奪資財，我今宜應隱、覆藏彼。故以正知說虛誑語。既思惟已，答王等言：我知親友，決定不為不與取事，是名為他。

14)何等名為或為名利？謂有一類多有所欲，多有所思，多有所願，作是思惟：我當施設如是、如是虛誑方便，必當獲得可意色、聲、香、味、觸等。既思惟已，方便追求。故以正知說虛誑語，如是名為或為名利。

15)何等名為故以正知說虛誑語？謂自隱藏想、忍、見、樂，故思明了，數數宣說、施設、摽示違想等事。如是名為故以正知說虛誑語。

16)即於此中，何名虛誑？何名虛誑語？何名離虛誑語，而說名為乃至命終離虛誑語鄔波索迦第四學處？

言虛誑者，謂事不實，名虛想等不實名誑，是名虛誑。

虛誑語者，以貪瞋癡違事想說令他領解，名虛誑語。

即前所說鄔波索迦於虛誑語能善思擇、厭患、遠離、止息、防護、不作、不為、不行、不犯、棄捨、堰塞、不拒、不逆、不違、不越，如是名為離虛誑語，是故說名乃至命終離虛誑語鄔波索迦第四學處。

5.5.離飲諸酒諸放逸處

於第五中，何名諸酒？何名飲諸酒？何名放逸處？何名離飲諸酒諸放逸處，而說名為乃至命終離飲諸酒諸放逸處鄔波索迦第五學處？

1)言諸酒者，謂窣羅酒、迷麗耶酒及未沱酒。

2)言窣羅者，滿米麥等如法蒸煮，和麴蘗汁，投諸藥物醞釀，具成酒色、香、味，飲已惛醉，名窣羅酒。

3)迷麗耶者，謂諸根、莖、葉、花、果汁不和麴蘗醞釀，具成酒色、、味，飲已惛醉，名迷麗耶酒。

4)言末沱者，謂蒲萄酒，或即窣羅、迷麗耶酒，飲已令醉，總名末沱。

5)飲諸酒者，謂飲、咽、啜如上諸酒，名飲諸酒。

6)放逸處者，謂上諸酒飲已，能令心生憍傲，惛醉狂亂，不識尊、卑，重惑、惡業皆因此起，放逸所依，名放逸處。

7)即前所說鄔波索迦於飲諸酒能善思擇、厭患、遠離、止息、防護、不作、不為、不行、不犯、棄捨、堰塞、不拒、不逆、不違、不越，如是名為離飲諸酒諸放逸處，是故說名乃至命終離飲諸酒諸放逸處鄔波索迦第五學處。

5.6.學處

如是五種。云何名學？云何處言學處耶？

所言學者，謂於五處未滿為滿，恒勤堅正，脩習加行，故名為學。

所言處者，即離殺等是學所依，故名為處。

又離殺等即名為學，亦即名處，故名學處。

6.鄔波索迦的種種

6.1.歸依

一切鄔波索迦皆歸佛、法、僧耶？除諸世俗鄔波索迦，一切皆歸佛、法、僧寶。有歸佛、法、僧寶，而非鄔波索迦，謂苾芻、苾芻尼、正學、勤策、勤策女、鄔波斯迦等。

6.2.世尊弟子

一切鄔波索迦皆世尊弟子耶？應作四句。

1)有鄔波索迦非世尊弟子，謂鄔波索迦未得見諦，於未來果未能現觀。

2)有世尊弟子非鄔波索迦，謂苾芻、苾芻尼、正學、勤策、勤策女、鄔波斯迦等，已得見諦；於未來果已能現觀。

3)有鄔波索迦亦世尊弟子，謂鄔波索迦已得見諦，於未來果已能現觀。

4)有非鄔波索迦非世尊弟子，謂苾芻、苾芻尼、正學、勤策、勤策女、鄔波斯迦，未得見諦；於未來果未能現觀。及餘異生、未見諦者。

6.3.僧寶

一切墮僧寶攝，皆得僧和敬耶？應作四句。

1)有墮僧寶攝非得僧和敬，謂正學、勤策、勤策女、鄔波索迦等，已得見諦，於未來果，已能現觀。

2)有得僧和敬非墮僧寶攝，謂苾芻、苾芻尼未得見諦，於未來果，未能現觀。

3)有墮僧寶攝亦得僧和敬，謂苾芻、苾芻尼已得見諦，於未來果已能現觀。

4)有非墮僧寶攝非得僧和敬，謂正學、勤策、勤策女、鄔波索迦、鄔波斯迦，未得見諦，於未來果，未能現觀及餘異生未見諦者。

參考：雜阿含928經

如是我聞：一時，佛住迦毘羅衛國尼拘律園中。爾時，釋氏摩訶男與五百優婆塞來詣佛所，稽首佛足，退坐一面，白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞者，在家淨住，乃至盡壽，歸依三寶，為優婆塞，證知我！

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞須陀洹？佛告摩訶男：優婆塞須陀洹者，三結已斷已知，謂身見、戒取、疑。摩訶男！是名優婆塞須陀洹。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞斯陀含？

佛告摩訶男：謂優婆塞三結已斷已知，貪、恚、癡薄。摩訶男！是名優婆塞斯陀含。

摩訶男白佛言：世尊！云何名優婆塞阿那含？

佛告摩訶男：優婆塞阿那含者，五下分結已斷已知，謂身見、戒取、疑、貪欲、瞋恚。摩訶男！是名優婆塞阿那含。