四九一（三四九）堪能解義
1.序
如是我聞：一時，佛住王舍城迦蘭陀竹園。
2.堪能解義
爾時、世尊告諸比丘：善來比丘，善出家，善得己利，曠世時時得生聖處。諸根具足，不愚不癡，不須手語，好說、惡說堪能解義。
3.說法
我今於此世作佛，如來、應、等正覺、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊。說法：寂滅，涅槃，菩提正向，善逝等正覺，所謂此有故彼有，此起故彼起，謂緣無明行，緣行識，乃至純大苦聚集；無明滅則行滅，乃至純大苦聚滅。
4.當如是學，自利，利他，自他俱利
諸比丘！難得之處已得，生於聖處，諸根具足，乃至純大苦聚集，純大苦滅。是故比丘！當如是學，自利，利他，自他俱利。如是出家，不愚不癡，有果、有樂，有樂果報，供養衣服、飲食、臥具、湯藥者，悉得大果、大福、大利。是故比丘當如是學！
5.結
佛說此經已，諸比丘聞佛所說，歡喜奉行。
I.
善得己利
[經文]
善來比丘，善出家，善得己利，曠世時時得生聖處。諸根具足，不愚不癡，不須手語，好說、惡說堪能解義。我今於此世作佛，如來、應、等正覺、明行足、善逝、世間解、無上士、調御丈夫、天人師、佛、世尊。說法：寂滅，涅槃，菩提正向，善逝等正覺。
[論說]
具四圓滿，能生聖處。若隨有一成此圓滿，於善說法毘奈耶中正修行時，名曰善來、善出家者。云何名為四種圓滿？一、增上意樂圓滿，二、根圓滿，三、智圓滿，四、即於聖處有佛出世得值圓滿。
1)增上意樂圓滿者，謂如有一，於般涅槃，極淨修治增上意樂方乃出家，非為債主及諸怖畏之所逼迫，乃至廣說。當知如是而出家者，名善出家，生於聖處。
2)根圓滿者，謂如有一，眼、耳無闕，非半擇迦，不缺支分，由得如是根無缺故，於善說法毘奈耶中堪任出家，說正法時堪能聽受。
3)智圓滿者，謂如有一，性不愚戇，無有下品愚癡障故；亦不瘖啞，無有中品愚癡障故；非手代言，無有上品愚癡障故。離三種智愚癡障故，有力能解善說、惡說所有法義。
4)即於聖處有佛出世得值圓滿者，謂如今時，有薄伽梵釋迦牟尼出現於世，是為如來、應、正等覺，乃至廣說，若廣解釋，應知如前攝異門分(T30,765a-b)。宣說正法，趣寂靜等，廣說如前。當知此中生聖處故，名為善來，善得出家；根無缺故，不愚戇故，不瘖啞故，亦不以手代其言故，名善獲得具足人身。T30,836c
II.自圓滿
[論說]
云何自圓滿？謂善得人身，生於聖處，諸根無缺，勝處淨信，離諸業障。...[']indriyair
avikalatā, āyatanagataḥ prasādaḥ, aparivṛttakarmāntatā //
1)云何名為善得人身？
云何名為得人身？謂如有一，生人同分，得丈夫身，男根成就，或得女身。如是名為善得人身。tatra
manuṣyatvaṃ katamat/ yathāpīhaikatyo manuṣyāṇāṃ
sabhāgatāyāṃ pratyājāto bhavati/ puruṣaś ca puruṣendriyeṇa
samanvāgataḥ strīś ca/ idam ucyate manuṣyatvam //
2)云何名為生於聖處？
云何名為生於聖處？謂如有一，生於中國廣說如前，乃至善士皆往遊涉。如是名為生於聖處。āryāyatane
pratyājātiḥ katamā /yathāpīhaikatyo madhyeṣu janapadeṣu
pratyājāto bhavati, pūrvavad yāvad yatra gatiḥ satpuruṣāṇām
/iyam ucyate āryāyatane pratyājātiḥ //
3)云何名為諸根無缺？
云何名為諸根無缺？謂如有一，性不愚鈍亦不頑騃，又不瘖啞乃至廣說支節無減。彼由如是支節無缺、耳無缺等，能於善品精勤修集。如是名為諸根無缺。indriyair
avikalatā katamā /yathāpīhaikatyo 'jaḍo bhavaty aneḍamūka
iti vistaraḥ / aṅgapratyaṅgāvikalo vā
yadrūpeṇāṅgapratyaṅgāvaikalyena śrotrāvaikalyādikena
bhavyaḥ kuśalapakṣasamudāgamāya /idam ucyate indriyāvaikalyam
//
4)云何名為勝處淨信？
云何名為勝處淨信？謂如有一，於諸如來正覺所說法、毘奈耶得淨信心，如是名為勝處淨信。云何名為勝處？言勝處者，謂諸如來正覺所說法毘奈耶，能生一切世、出世間白淨法故。此中，所起前行增上諸清淨信，名勝處淨信，能除一切所有煩惱、垢、穢、濁故。āyatanagataḥ
prasādaḥ katamaḥ /yathāpīhaikatyena tathāgatapravedite
dharmavinaye śraddhā pratilabdhā bhavati cetasaḥ prasādaḥ /
ayam ucyate āyatanagataḥ prasādaḥ /tatrāyatanaṃ
tathāgatapravedito dharmavinayaḥ sarveṣāṃ laukikalokottarāṇāṃ
śukladharmāṇām utpattaye / yā punar atra śraddhā tena
pūrvaṅgamenādhipatyena sa āyatanagataḥ prasādaḥ /
sarva-kleśa-mala-kāluṣya-āpanayanāt //
5)云何名為離諸業障？
云何名為離諸業障？謂能遠離五無間業。所謂於彼害母、害父、害阿羅漢、破和合僧、於如來所惡心出血。隨一所有無間業障，於現法中不作不行，如是名為離諸業障。若有於此五無間業造作增長，於現法中，竟不能轉得般涅槃，生起聖道。故約彼說離諸業障。aparivṛttakarmāntatā
katamā /yena pañcānām ānantaryāṇāṃ karmaṇāṃ tadyathā
mātṛvadhāt pitṛvadhād arhadvadhāt saṃghabhedāt
tathāgatasyāntike duṣṭacittarudhirotpādād anyatamānyatamād
ānantaryaṃ karma dṛṣṭa eva dharme na kṛtaṃ bhavati
nādhyācaritam iyam ucyate 'parivṛttakarmāntateti /imāni
pañcānantaryāṇi karmāṇi kṛtopacitāni dṛṣṭa eva
dharme parivartyābhavyo bhavati parinirvāṇāyāryamārgasyotpattaye
/ tasmād etāni 'parivṛttakarmāntatety ucyate //
6)結
自圓滿唯由如是五種支分自體圓滿，是故說此名自圓滿。svayam
evānena sa ātmabhāva ebhiḥ pañcabhir aṅgaiḥ sampādito
bhavati / tasmād ātmasampad ity ucyate //
III.他圓滿
[論說]
云何他圓滿？謂諸佛出世，說正法教，法教久住，法住隨轉，他所哀愍。parasampat
katamā /tadyathā buddhānām utpādaḥ, saddharmadeśanā,
deśitānāṃ dharmāṇām avasthānam, avasthitānāṃ ca
dharmāṇām anupravartanam, parataś ca pratyanukampā //
1)云何名為諸佛出世？
云何名為諸佛出世？謂如有一，普於一切諸有情類，起善利益增上意樂，修習多千難行苦行，經三大劫阿僧企耶，積集廣大福德、智慧二種資糧，獲得最後上妙之身，安坐無上勝菩提座，斷除五蓋，於四念住善住其心，修三十七菩提分法，現證無上正等菩提，如是名為諸佛出世。過去、未來、現在諸佛，皆由如是名為出世。tatra
buddhānām utpādaḥ katamaḥ /yathāpīhaikatyaḥ sarvasattveṣu
kalyāṇahitādhyāśayam utpādya prabhūtair duṣkarasahasrair
mahatā ca puṇyajñānasambhāreṇa …… ātmabhāvapratilambhe
bodhimaṇḍe niṣadya, pañca nivaraṇāni prahāya, caturṣu
smṛtyupasthāneṣu sūpasthitacittaḥ, saptatriṃśadbodhipakṣyān
dharmān bhāvayitvānuttarāṃ samyaksaṃbodhim abhisaṃbudhyate
/ ayam ucyate buddhānām utpādaḥ /atītānāgatapratyutpanneṣv
adhvasu evam eva……
2)云何名為說正法教？
云何名為說正法教？謂即如是諸佛世尊出現於世，哀愍一切諸聲聞故，依四聖諦宣說真實苦、集、滅、道無量法教。所謂契經、應頌、記別、諷誦、自說、因緣、譬喻、本事、本生、方廣、希法、論議。如是名為說正法教。諸佛世尊及聖弟子一切正士，皆乘此法而得出離，然後為他宣說稱讚，是故說此名為正法。宣說此故，名正法教。
saddharmadeśanā
katamā /ta evaṃ buddhā bhagavanto loka utpadya tasyaiva ca
śrāvakā lokānukampām upādāya catvāry āryasatyāny ārabhya
...duḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgān dharmadeśanāṃ vartayanti,yad
uta
sūtra-geya-vyākaraṇa-gāthodāna-nidānā-vadānetivṛttaka-jātaka-vaipulyādbhutadharmopadeśān
/iyam ucyate saddharmasya deśanā./sadbhir ayaṃ dharmo niryāto
deśitaḥ praśasto buddhaiś ca buddhaśrāvakaiś ca /
3)云何名為法教久住？
云何名為法教久住？謂說正法已，轉法輪已，乃至世尊壽量久住及涅槃後，經爾所時，正行未減、正法未隱，如是名為正法久住。如是久住，當知說彼勝義正法作證道理。deśitānāṃ
dharmāṇām avasthānaṃ katamat /deśite saddharme pravartite
dharmacakre yāvac ca buddho bhagavān jīvati tiṣṭhati ca
parinirvṛte ca buddhe bhagavati yāvatā kālena pratipattir na
hīyate saddharmaś ca nāntardhīyate / idam ucyate
saddharmasyāvasthānaṃ /
4)云何名為法住隨轉？
云何名為法住隨轉？謂即如是證正法者，了知有力能證如是正法眾生，即如所證，隨轉隨順教授教誡。如是名為法住隨轉。avasthitānāṃ
dharmāṇām anupravartanaṃ katamat / yat ta evādhigantāraḥ
saddharmasya saddharmasākṣātkriyāyai bhavyāṃ pratibalatām
janānāṃ viditvā yathādhigatām evānulomikīm avavādānuśāsanīm
anupravartayanti / idam ucyate 'vasthitānāṃ dharmāṇām
anupravartanam //
5)云何名為他所哀愍？
云何名為他所哀愍？他謂施主，彼於行者起哀愍心，惠施隨順淨命資具，所謂如法衣服、飲食、諸坐臥具、病緣醫藥。如是名為他所哀愍。parataḥ
pratyanukampā katamā / para ucyante dāyakadānapatayaḥ te yāni
tasyānulomikāni jīvitopakaraṇāni taiḥ pratyanukampante yaduta
cīvara-piṇḍapāta-śayanāsana-glāna-pratyaya-bhaiṣajya-pariṣkārair
iyam ucyate parataḥ pratyanukampā //
