一一0四(八一六)三學;a.3.89
1.序
如是我聞:一時,佛住舍衛國祇樹給孤獨園。
2.三學
爾時、世尊告諸比丘:有三學,何等為三?謂增上戒學,增上意學,增上慧學。
3.說偈
爾時、世尊即說偈言:
三學具足者,是比丘正行,增上戒、心、慧,三法勤精進。
勇猛堅固城,常守護諸根,如晝如其夜,如夜亦如晝,
如前如其後,如後亦如前,如上如其下,如下亦如上。
無量諸三昧,映一切諸方,是說為覺跡,第一清涼集。
捨離無明諍,其心善解脫,我為世間覺,明行悉具足。
正念不忘住,其心得解脫,身壞而命終,如燈盡火滅。
4.結
佛說此經已,諸比丘聞佛所說,歡喜奉行。
I.偈
[經文]
三學具足者,是比丘正行,增上戒、心、慧,三法勤精進。
勇猛堅固城,常守護諸根,如晝如其夜,如夜亦如晝,
如前如其後,如後亦如前,如上如其下,如下亦如上。
無量諸三昧,映一切諸方,是說為覺跡,第一清涼集。
捨離無明諍,其心善解脫,我為世間覺,明行悉具足。
正念不忘住,其心得解脫,身壞而命終,如燈盡火滅。
[經文]
“Adhisīlaṃ
adhicittaṃ, adhipaññañca vīriyavā;
Thāmavā
dhitimā jhāyī, sato guttindriyo care.
“Yathā
pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;
Yathā
adho tathā uddhaṃ, yathā uddhaṃ tathā adho.
“Yathā
divā tathā rattiṃ, yathā rattiṃ tathā divā;
Abhibhuyya
disā sabbā, appamāṇasamādhinā.
“Tamāhu
sekhaṃ paṭipadaṃ, atho saṃsuddhacāriyaṃ.
Tamāhu
loke sambuddhaṃ, dhīraṃ paṭipadantaguṃ.
“Viññāṇassa
nirodhena, taṇhākkhayavimuttino;
Pajjotasseva
nibbānaṃ, vimokkho hoti cetaso”ti.
[Thanissaro
Bhikkhu]
Heightened
virtue, heightened mind, heightened discernment: persistent, firm,
steadfast, absorbed in jhana, mindful, with guarded faculties you
should practice them — as in front, so behind; as behind, so in
front; as below, so above; as above, so below; as by day, so by
night; as by night, so by day; conquering all the directions with
limitless concentration. This is called the practice of training, as
well as the pure way of life. [Following it,] you're called
self-awakened in the world, enlightened, one who's taken the path to
its end. With the cessation of sensory consciousness of one released
in the stopping of craving, the liberation of awareness of one
released in the stopping of craving, is like the unbinding of a
flame.
增支部3.89:
增上戒與心,增上慧、精進,具力、固、靜慮,正念、護根習。
既如前亦后,既如后亦前,既如下亦上,既如上亦下。
既如晝亦夜,既如夜亦晝,無量三摩提,戰勝一切方。
行淨為前進,言彼有學人,淨行極堅固,世稱彼等覺。
由識之滅故,愛盡而解脫,如燈之涅槃,遂成心解脫。
II.說一切有部集異門足論,卷第五,T26,388b:
三學者:一增上戒學;二增上心學;三增上慧學。
1.增上戒學云何?答:安住具戒,守護別解脫律儀,軌則、所行悉皆具足,於微小罪見大怖畏,受學學處,是名增上戒學。
2.增上心學云何?答:離欲、惡不善法,有尋、有伺,離生喜樂,入初靜慮具足住。廣說乃至入第四靜慮具足住,是名增上心學。
3.增上慧學云何?答:如實了知:此是苦聖諦,此是苦集聖諦,此是苦滅聖諦,此是趣苦滅道聖諦,是名增上慧學。
如世尊說:
苾芻具三學,樂修如理行,增上戒心慧,恒相續現行。
具精進勢力,及明盛靜慮,常守護諸根,勤行不放逸。
如晝夜亦然,如夜晝亦爾,如前後亦爾,如後前亦然。
如下上亦然,如上下亦爾,勝伏諸方所,由不放逸定。
說此為學跡,不放逸而住,由能了能捨,故得心解脫。
世說為等覺,雄猛至行邊,明行俱圓滿,恒住無忘失。
命根不相續,愛盡解脫故,如燈火涅槃,究竟心解脫。
III.類似經文
1.中阿含81,念身經:
復次,比丘修習念身,比丘者念光明想,善受善持,善意所念,如前後亦然,如後前亦然,如晝夜亦然,如夜晝亦然,如下上亦然,如上下亦然,如是不顛倒,心無有纏,修光明心,心終不為闇之所覆。如是比丘隨其身行,便知上如真。彼若如是在遠離獨住,心無放逸,修行精勤,斷心諸患而得定心,得定心已,則知上如真。是謂比丘修習念身。
2.中阿含98,念處經:
復次,比丘觀身如身,比丘者,念光明想,善受善持,善憶所念,如前後亦然,如後前亦然,如晝夜亦然,如夜晝亦然,如下上亦然,如上下亦然。如是不顛倒,心無有纏,修光明心,心終不為闇之所覆。如是比丘觀內身如身,觀外身如身,立念在身,有知有見,有明有達,是謂比丘觀身如身。