雜阿含560經
如是我聞:一時,佛住俱睒彌國瞿師羅園。爾時,尊者阿難亦在彼住。
1)時,尊者阿難告諸比丘:「若比丘、比丘尼於我前自記說,我當善哉慰勞問訊,或求以四道,何等為四?若比丘、比丘尼坐,作如是住心:善住心、局住心、調伏心、止觀一心、等受,分別於法量度,修習、多修習已,得斷諸使。若有比丘、比丘尼於我前自記說,我則如是善哉慰喻,或求是名說初道。
2)復次,比丘、比丘尼正坐思惟,於法選擇、思量,住心:善住、局住、調伏、止觀一心、等受,如是正向多住,得離諸使。若有比丘、比丘尼於我前自記說,我當如是善哉慰喻,或求是名第二說道。
3)復次,比丘、比丘尼為掉亂所持,以調伏心坐,正坐住心:善住心、局住心、調伏、止觀一心、等受,如是正向多住已,則斷諸使。若有比丘、比丘尼於我前自記說,我則如是善哉慰喻,或求是名第三說道。
4)復次,比丘、比丘尼止觀和合俱行,作如是正向多住,則斷諸使。若比丘、比丘尼於我前自記說者,我則如是善哉慰喻教誡,或求是名第四說道。」
時,諸比丘聞尊者阿難所說,歡喜奉行。
AN.4.170 “Katamehi catūhi? Idha, āvuso, bhikkhu samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāveti. Tassa samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti. “Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāveti. Tassa vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti. “Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāveti. Tassa samathavipassanaṃ yuganaddhaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti. “Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhuno dhammuddhaccaviggahitaṃ mānasaṃ hoti. Hoti so, āvuso, samayo yaṃ taṃ cittaṃ ajjhattameva santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Tassa maggo sañjāyati. So taṃ maggaṃ āsevati bhāveti bahulīkaroti. Tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti, anusayā byantīhonti.
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1)復次,如經中說:四種趣道。云何宴坐於諸法中思惟簡擇?謂有苾芻先已證得初靜慮等,而未見諦,由聽正法及多聞故,而能宴坐,依三摩地,於苦等諦發起現觀。如是行者,依增上心修增上慧。
(4.2.7.0) catvāro mārgoddeśāḥ| (4.2.7.1.1) kathaṃ tathāniṣaṇṇo dharmān vicinoti pravicinoti? iha bhikṣur lābhī bhavati prathamadhyānādīnām adṛṣṭatyaś ca bhavati| tena ca saddharmaśravaṇabāhuśrutyābhyāṃ kṛtaṃ(?) bhavati| so'bhiniṣīdann eva taṃ samādhiṃ niśritya duḥkhādisatyābhisamayaṃ karoti| so'dhicittaṃ niśrityādhiprajñe yogaṃ karoti| (p221)
[解]復次,如經中說有四條向前進步的道路。什麼是寂靜處靜坐,對於諸法,思惟、簡擇什麼是善、惡等?有苾芻已經得到初靜慮等,但是還沒見到聖諦,由於聽聞佛法,多聞第一義諦,能夠靜坐,在三摩地裏面,對苦集滅道四諦,發起現前觀察。這樣的修行者,是依照增上心,來修增上慧。
又有苾芻如實知苦乃至知道,而未證得初靜慮等,彼便宴坐,思惟諸法。如是行者,依增上慧,修增上心。
(4.2.7.1.2) punar aparaṃ duḥkhaṃ yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti yāvan mārgam; no tu lābhī bhavati prathamadhyānādīnām(?)| so'bhinisīīdann eva dharmān vicinoti| [sa ta]d evādhiprajñāṃ niśṛtyādhicitte yogaṃ karoti|
[解]又有苾芻,能如實知苦乃至知道,所以是初果聖者,但是還沒證得初靜慮等,他還是要靜坐,修學止觀。這樣的修行者,是依照增上慧,來修增上心。
第三行者,名為俱得,奢摩他、毘缽舍那雙雜轉故。
(4.2.7.1.3) tṛtīyā ubhayor lābhī bhavati| tasya śamathavipaśyane ubhe miśrībhūte samayugaṃ vartete|
[解]第三種修行的人,名為俱得,奢摩他、毘缽舍那二者合在一起運轉的緣故。
《披尋記》四五二頁:奢摩他、毘缽舍那雙雜轉故者:謂奢摩他、毘缽舍那二種和合平等俱轉,由此說明雙運轉道。聲聞地中顯非其相應知。(陵本三十一卷十六頁)
第四行者,先已證得初靜慮等,未聽正法,未習多聞;後從大師,或餘尊所,聞見諦法,或復得聞斷餘結法;由此得入真諦現觀,或復證得阿羅漢果。彼既證得出離所引,大善喜悅;由能制伏諸掉舉心,復還宴坐,如是坐已,安心住於靜慮、等至。最初趣道,引見道故;第二、第三,引修道故;第四趣道,為俱引故。
(4.2.7.1.4) caturthaḥ pūrvam eva lābhī bhavati(?) prathamadhyānadīnāṃ; na tv anena saddha[rmaśra]vaṇena kṛtaṃ(?) bhavati na bāhuśrutyena| sa śāstur antikād anyatamasya vā guror dharmaṃ śṛṇoti satyāni vādhikṛtyāvaśiṣṭasaṃyojanaprahāṇaṃ vā| satyāni vābhisamety arhattvaṃ vā prāpnoti| so'dhigacchati prītiprāmodyam udāraṃ k[u]śalaṃ naiṣkramyopasaṃhitam| sa tena dharmauddhatyābhinigṛhītena cetasā niṣīdati; tathāniṣaṇṇaś ca tac cittaṃ sthāpayati dhyānasamāpattivihārataḥ| (p222) (4.2.7.2) tatra prathamo mārgoddeśo darśanamārgābhinirhāram ārabhya, dvitīyatṛtīyo bhāvanāmārgābhinirhāram ārabhya, caturtha ubhayābhinirhāram ārabhya|
[解]第四種修行的人,先前已經成就初禪等,但是未聽聞四諦法,未能多聞。後來從佛那裏,或者是其餘尊重的師長那裏,聽聞聖人所見的苦集滅道四聖諦,或者又能聽聞斷除其餘愛結的法門。由此得入真諦現觀,或者又證得阿羅漢果。彼行者既然已經體證、成就,出離見、愛煩惱。之後,引發廣大善妙的喜悅。因為能制伏一切的掉舉,還是繼續靜坐。這樣靜坐之後,將心安住在靜慮、等至。最初趣向道,是引發見道故;第二、第三,引發修道故;第四趣道,為俱引故,有見道,又有修道,還有無學道。
87.又依奢摩他、毘鉢舍那立四種道:api khalu śamatha-vipaśyanām āgamya catvāro mārgāḥ /
進一步,關於奢摩他與毘鉢舍那,有四種道:
[雜集]此中依於止觀,說四種道。api khalu [śamatha]vipaśyanām āgamya catvāro mārgā iti catvāro mārga-upadeśanām adhikṛtya /
在這裡,論中的依於止觀等,是關於說四種道(四種道的教導)。
1)或有一類,已得奢摩他,非毘鉢舍那,此類依奢摩他,進修毘鉢舍那;ekatyaḥ śamathasya lābhī na vipaśyanāyāḥ / tatprakāraṃ śamathaṃ niśritya vipaśyanā-bhāvanā /
或是有一類人,已經得到奢摩他,但未得毘鉢舍那。這一類的人,依於這種奢摩他,進修毘鉢舍那。
[雜集]初已得止故,宴坐,住心乃至平等攝持。未得觀故,還復宴坐。依三摩地簡擇諸法,乃至周審觀察。tatra prathamaḥ śamathasya lābhitvād abhiniṣīdann eva cittaṃ sthāpayati yāvat samādhatte, vipaśyānāyā alābhitvāt tu samādhiṃ niśritya paścāt tathāniṣaṇṇas tān dharmān vicinoti yāvat parimīmāṃsām āpadyate /
在這裡,最初已經得到止的緣故,當正在宴坐的時候,住心乃至平等攝持。但是,尚未得到觀的緣故,然後,這樣的宴坐之後,依三摩地,簡擇諸法,乃至周審觀察。
2)或有一類,已得毘鉢舍那,非奢摩他,此類依毘鉢舍那,進修奢摩他;ekatyaḥ vipaśyanāyā lābhī na śamathasya / tatprakārāṃ vipaśyanā niśritya śamatha-bhāvanā /
或是有一類人,已得毘鉢舍那,但未得奢摩他。這一類的人,依於這種毘鉢舍那,進修奢摩他。
[雜集]第二,與此相違。dvitīyo viparyayeṇa veditavyaḥ /
第二,應該知道與第一種相違。
3)或有一類,不得奢摩他,亦非毘鉢舍那,此類專心制伏惛沈、掉舉,雙修二道;ekatyaḥ na śamathasya lābhī nāpi vipaśyanāyāḥ / tatsaṃbaddha-cittasya laya-auddhatya-apakarṣaṇād yugapad-ubhaya-mārga-bhāvanā /
或是有一類人,沒有得到奢摩他,也沒有得到毘鉢舍那。對於這一類心被繫縛的人而言,為了制伏惛沈、掉舉,修二道。(雙修者,非謂一時俱修二種,二者既末得,二俱應修故,於修習時仍有先后)
[雜集]第三,二俱未得雙進修習。云何修習?謂聽聞法,由受持門,進修正觀。以此為先,進修於止。tṛtīyā ubhayasya alābhy-ubhayatra yogaṃ karoti / kathaṃ kṛtvā, śruta-udgrahaṇa-mukhena vipaśyanāyāṃ yogaṃ karoti tatpūrvakaṃ ca śamathe /
第三種,二個都沒有得到,在這兩個地方,進一步地修習。如何修習?就是已經聽聞法之後,經由受持門,在觀方面,進一步地修習。以此觀為先,然後在止方面,進一步地修習。
4)或有一類,已得奢摩他及毘鉢舍那,此類奢摩他、毘鉢舍那二道和合平等雙轉。ekatyaḥ śamathasya lābhī vipaśyanāyāś ca / tasya śamatha-vipaśyanā-ubhaya-mārga-yuktasya samaṃ yugapat pravṛttiḥ //
或是有一類人,已經得到奢摩他與毘鉢舍那。對於這一類奢摩他、毘鉢舍那二道和合的人而言,同時、平等運轉。
[雜集]第四,已得二種相應俱轉。caturtha ubhayasya lābhāt //
第四種,已得二種相應俱轉。